Abstract Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in rainfed irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56(PM)) equation was demonstrated to be the most reliable adaptive a wide range of humid semi-arid climates. However, it requires several environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, solar radiation), rarely available developing countries. ...

Thermal hyperalgesia is the heightened sensitivity to heat and occurs during inflammation. NGF-induced thermal hyperalgesia is neutrophil-dependent (Foster et al., 2003). This group previously found that the TRPV1 receptor mediates a bilateral thermal hyperalgesia in TNFα-induced inflammation (Russell et al., 2005), but it is not yet known how TNFα mediates the response. The aim of this study w...

The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and carprofen (CP) on postoperative incisional pain using the plantar incision (PI) model in rats. A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin, fascia and muscles of a hind paw of male Wistar rats and the development of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity was determined over 4 days using the von F...

The major problem when dealing with modeling evapotranspiration process is its nonlinear dynamic high complexity. Researchers developed reference evapotranspiration (ET-ref) estimationmodels in rich and poor data situations. Thus, the well-known Penman–Monteith (PM) model always performs the highest accuracy results of ET-ref from a rich data situation. Its application in many areas particularl...

Daily evapotranspiration (ET) rates are needed for irrigation scheduling. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining accurate field measurements, ET rates are commonly estimated from weather parameters. A few empirical or semi–empirical methods have been developed for assessing daily reference crop ET, which is converted to actual crop ET using crop coefficients. The FAO Penman–Monteith method, which...

Potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is an indicator of great interest for water budget analysis and the agricultural sector. Therefore, purpose this study was to make calculation reliable even if only temperature data were present. In research, ET0 initially calculated a limited number weather stations (12) using Penman–Monteith method. some cases, simplified formula adopted, while in others, as...

The present study develops ArcMap models to implement the following three methods: FAO-56 Penman–Monteith (FAO PM), Hargreaves–Samani (HS) and Hansen, with former used as a reference. Moreover, implementing statistical indices (RMSD, MB, NMB) are also created. purpose is threefold, follows: investigate variability in daily mean reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for Decembers Augusts during 201...