This article shows how to apply results of chemical reaction network theory (CRNT) prove uniqueness and stability a positive equilibrium for pairs/groups distributional dynamics that arise in game theoretic models. Evolutionary assumes individuals accrue their fitness through interactions with other individuals. When there are two or more different strategies the population, this pairs (groups)...

When the classical chi(2) goodness-of-fit test for Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium is used on samples with related individuals, the type I error can be greatly inflated. In particular the test is inappropriate in population isolates where the individuals are related through multiple lines of descent. In this article, we propose a new test for HW (the QL-HW test) suitable for any sample with rel...

The aim of the present study was to assess the frequencies of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE; OMIM: 106180) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; OMIM: 607093) polymorphisms in the Algerian population to further facilitate investigations on possible associations with various pathologies. The study was carried out on 146 apparently healthy individuals (65 males, 81 females) who w...

Objective: Departure from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) may occur due to a variety of causes, including purifying selection, inbreeding, population substructure, copy number variation or genotyping error. We searched for specific characteristics of HWE-departure due to genotyping error. Methods: Genotypes of a random set of genetic variants were obtained from the Exome Aggregation Consortium...

Previous studies have explored the use of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (DHW) for fine mapping Mendelian disorders and for general fine mapping. Other studies have used Hardy-Weinberg tests for genotyping quality control. To enable investigators to make rational decisions about whether DHW is due to genotyping error or to underlying biology, we developed an analytic framework and so...

This investigation aimed to study polymorphism of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes and their associations with growth and carcass traits in Mazandaran native chicken. 200 male chicks were reared and slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. Traits including live weight at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of age, body weight and weights of heart, liver, g...

Four Saudi Arabian indigenous sheep populations including Najdi, Hbsi, Arb, and Naemi were genotyped for 16 microsatellite markers recommended by the food and agriculture organization (FAO). This study aims to provide information on the genetic structure of the breeds analyzed and give indications and proposals for the cross breeding program. All loci were polymorphic in all populations and loc...