This report reviews the current context with regard to livestock mobility in Africa and the associated constraints. Concrete examples of transboundary animal diseases of relevance to the continent will be used to shed light on the role of cross-border movements in the persistence and spread of these diseases as well as the sanitary and non-sanitary constraints hampering their prevention and con...

In this era of emergence of superbugs, one is in dire need of treatment modalities that treat a patient without hampering the microflora and immunity status. Traditional medicines like herbal by-products are currently being researched over and reintroduced in the commercial market as old wine in new bottles. This paper highlights the use of such plant products in dentistry, short-termed as “Phy...

Complex microbial communities exhibit a large diversity, hampering differentiation by DNA fingerprinting. Herein, differential display-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis is proposed. By adding a nucleotide to the 3' ends of PCR primers, 16 primer pairs and fingerprints were generated per community. Complexity reduction in each partial fingerprint facilitates sample comparison.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is the most common defect of the diaphragmatic muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. This malformation allows part of the abdominal structures (intestinal loops, stomach and liver) to herniate into the thoracic cavity, hampering the normal development of the lung and resulting in abnormalities in cardiac function (Santos et al...

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne zoonosis endemic in Southern Italy whose usual clinical features include fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia and hypergammaglobulinemia. The clinical and biochemical picture may be misleading in patients with immunodeficiency diseases hampering the diagnosis. We describe a VL case in a patient whose spleen had been removed and who had Common Variable ...

• To synthesize recent results from observational work and modeling efforts. To examine how models are currently incorporating iron dynamics, and to determine whether there is new information that could be used to improve parameterizations/representations in the models. To identify critical gaps in our knowledge of the marine iron cycle that are hampering modeling efforts, and to provide sugges...

Cyclotetrapeptides are important bioactive lead drug molecules that display a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the synthesis of cyclotetrapeptides from their linear precursors is challenging due to the highly constrained conformation required for cyclisation, thus hampering their progress to a clinical setting. This review provides an account of the reported methods used fo...

Background Pesticide self-poisoning is a major problem in Bangladesh. Over the past 20-years, the Bangladesh government has introduced pesticide legislation and banned highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) from agricultural use. We aimed to assess the impacts of pesticide bans on suicide and on agricultural production. Methods We obtained data on unnatural deaths from the Statistics Division of ...

Empirical results through a fixed effects regression model show that government size has a negative effect on growth mainly through hampering capital accumulation. When a sample is divided into OECD and non-OECD countries, the negative effect of government size on capital accumulation persists for non-OECD countries but not for OECD countries.