theoretically, in order to describe the behavior of a spectrum, a mathematical model whichcould predict the spectrum characteristics is needed. since in this study a two-state system has beenused like models which was introduced previously past and could couple with the environment, theformer ideas have been extended in this study. we use the second quantized version for writing thishamiltonian...

A Hamilton loop is a loop in which every subloop is normal. This definition is somewhat broader than the analogous definition of group theory where a Hamiltonian group is restricted to be non-Abelian. The structure of a Hamiltonian group is well known [4, pp. 129-131 ]l —it is the direct product of an Abelian group whose elements have odd order, an Abelian group with exponent 2, and a quaternio...

2 Abstract. We investigate perturbed Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom by renormalization group method, which derives a reduced equation called renormalization group equation (RGE) by handling secular terms. We found that RGE is not always a Hamiltonian system. The necessary and sufficient condition that RGE becomes a Hamiltonian system up to the second leading order of a small pa...

We calculate the subleading terms in the Born–Oppenheimer expansion for the effective zero-mode Hamiltonian of N = 1, d = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory with any gauge group. The Hamiltonian depends on 3r abelian gauge potentials Ak (k = 1, 2, 3, s = 1, . . . , r, r is the rank of the group), and their superpartners. The Hamiltonian belongs to the class ofN = 2 supersymmetric QM Hamiltonian...