In the present paper a global conformal invariant Y of a closed initial data set is constructed. A spacelike hypersurface Σ in a Lorentzian spacetime naturally inherits from the spacetime metric a differentiation De, the so-called real Sen connection, which turns out to be determined completely by the initial data hab and χab induced on Σ, and coincides, in the case of vanishing second fundamen...

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is considered to be an unusual event. Here, we describe a patient with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome with metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to a hemangioblastoma (HAB) of the spinal cord. Histological examination revealed cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in alveolar or tubular patterns in most fields of view. In the other area, the tumor showed abundant th...

The impaired extinction of acquired fear is a core symptom of anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, phobias or panic disorder, and is known to be particularly resistant to existing pharmacotherapy. We provide here evidence that a similar relationship between trait anxiety and resistance to extinction of fear memory can be mimicked in a psychopathologic animal model. Wistar ...

Selectively inbred animal models for anxiety traits provide useful insights for the elucidation of the relevant pathophysiological mechanisms of anxiety disorders by modeling molecular pathology in a defined genetic background. However, little is currently known about the functional characteristics that distinguish high anxiety-related (HAB) from low anxiety-related (LAB) behaviors. Analytical ...

For >15 generations, CD1 mice have been selectively and bidirectionally bred for either high-anxiety-related behavior (HAB-M) or low-anxiety-related behavior (LAB-M) on the elevated plus-maze. Independent of gender, HAB-M were more anxious than LAB-M animals in a variety of additional tests, including those reflecting risk assessment behaviors and ultrasound vocalization, with unselected CD1 "n...

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are truly global marine phenomena of increasing significance. Some HAB occurrences are different to observe because of their high spatial and temporal variability and their advection, once formed, by surface currents. A serious HAB occurred in the Bohai Sea during autumn 1998, causing the largest fisheries economic loss. The present study analyzes the formation, dist...

In this Focus article, the authors ask a seemingly simple question: Are harmful algal blooms (HABs) becoming the greatest inland water quality threat to public health and aquatic ecosystems? When HAB events require restrictions on fisheries, recreation, and drinking water uses of inland water bodies significant economic consequences result. Unfortunately, the magnitude, frequency, and duration ...

BACKGROUND There is accumulating evidence that anxiety impairs sleep. However, due to high sleep variability in anxiety disorders, it has been difficult to state particular changes in sleep parameters caused by anxiety. Sleep profiling in an animal model with extremely high vs. low levels of trait anxiety might serve to further define sleep patterns associated with this psychopathology. METHO...

M ulti-scale resource selection m odeling is used to identify factors th a t limit species distributions across scales o f space and time. This m ulti-scale nature o f hab ita t suitability com plicates the translation o f inferences to single, spatial depictions o f hab ita t required for conservation o f species. W e estim ated resource selection functions (R SFs) across three scales for a th...

Patients diagnosed for anxiety disorders often display faster acquisition and slower extinction of learned fear. To gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying these phenomenona, we studied conditioned fear in mice originating form a bi-directional selective breeding approach, which is based on elevated plus-maze behavior and results in CD1-derived high (HAB), normal (NAB), and low (LA...