Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity: Reply This paper shows that smoking intensity, i.e. the amount of nicotine extracted per cigarette smoked, responds to changes in excise taxes and tobacco prices. We exploit data covering the period 1988 to 2006 across many US states. Moreover, we provide new evidence on the importance of cotinine measures in explaining long-run smoking behav...

Policy makers have long been interested in whether tax policies can be used to encourage entrepreneurial activity, but prior studies have produced ambiguous results. We use a twelveyear panel of tax return data to examine the effects of tax rates on entrepreneurial entry. We calculate household-level tax rates and employ multiple measures of entrepreneurship. Our results offer convincing eviden...

A general perceptual model is proposed for Eldercare Robot implementation that is comprised of audition functionality interconnected with a feedback-driven perceptual reasoning agent. Using multistage signal analysis to feed temporally tiered learning/recognition modules, concurrent access to sound event localization, classification, and context is realized. Patterns leading to the quantificati...

Donald Trump’s election was a significant surprise. The reaction of company stock prices to the election reflects shifts in investor expectations about economic growth, taxes, and trade policy. High-beta stocks outperformed, presumably due to strengthened growth expectations. Expectations of significant corporate tax cuts boosted high-tax firms, but hurt firms with significant net operating los...

Residual profit allocation (RPA) schemes have come to prominence in discussions of international tax reform but with almost nothing known about their economic impact. These multinationals by allocating “routine” profits source countries and sharing remaining “residual” across on some formulaic basis. This paper explores the implications, conceptual empirical, moving form RPA. are estimated be s...

ABSTRACT I develop a structural model to quantify the costs of tax avoidance. In model, firm trades off savings with audit risk, financial reporting considerations, and operational frictions imposed by avoidance, last which label as nontax costs. The estimated parameters suggest costs, are difficult observe, decrease pretax income 6.4 percent or $58 million per firm-year. large magnitude this e...

BACKGROUND On 20-21 February 2006, six cases of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) were reported by paediatricians to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We initiated an investigation to identify the etiologic agent and determine the source of the outbreak in order to implement control measures. METHODS A case was defined as a child with diarrhoea-associated HUS or a...

We show that the fiscal authorities of high-tax countries can lack incentives to combat profit shifting tax havens. Instead, they have focus their enforcement efforts on relocating profits booked by multinationals in other countries, crowding out transactions shift havens, and reducing global payments multinational companies. The predictions our model are motivated supported analysis two new da...

We conduct a field experiment with sellers of home improvement services on two German online markets. take the role consumers and vary whether we request an invoice for delivery service. In market that allows anyone to sell anonymously, willingness evade is prevalent. keeps track credentials, are only willing when collude signaled. The evasion discount in most estimates not larger than tax subs...

This paper uses a direct-projections approach to estimate the effect of capital gains taxation on realizations at state level and then develops framework for determining revenue-maximizing rates federal level. We find that elasticity revenues with respect tax rate over 10-year period is −0.5 −0.3, indicating cuts do not pay themselves 5 percentage point increase would yield $18 $30 billion in a...