OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation and neurodegeneration underlies bipolar disorder. To investigate biological markers of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor between bipolar I, bipolar II, and other specified bipolar disorder with short duration hypomania may support the association with inflammatory dysregulation and bipolar disorder and, more specifically, prov...

Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of disorders whose common primary feature is the formation of blisters following trivial trauma. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a subtype of epidermolysis bullosa, is frequently associated with growth retardation. This growth retardation has been reported to be caused by trophopathy following protein loss through skin lesions. Endocrine disor...

car accidents ending up with death have often existed in the country's roads, and children who witnessed the death of their family members are highly prone to psychological diseases including posttraumatic stress disorder. since this disorder may affect children's intellectual growth and mental performance as well as causing mental damages, contributing to the treatment of this disord...

Sotos' syndrome, or cerebral gigantism, is a disorder of growth regulation. Tumours have occasionally been reported in children with Sotos' syndrome, but it is uncertain whether this is a coincidence, or whether it is aetiologically related to the underlying disorder of growth. We report a 15 month old child with a paraspinal neuroblastoma and Sotos' syndrome and suggest that children with this...

Crouzon's syndrome, also known as brachial arch syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder with complete penetrance and variable expressivity. Described by a French neurosurgeon in 1912, it is a rare genetic disorder. Crouzon's syndrome is caused by mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. Normally, the sutures in the human skull fuse after the complete growth of the b...