An important factor in determining perceived scene layout is optical contact between objects and the ground surface (‘‘ground contact’’). The relation between ground contact and occlusion was investigated in four experiments with stationary and motion parallax scenes containing a pole that occluded or was occluded by one or more cylinders. Some judgements were inconsistent with occlusion in sta...

Reliable seismic vulnerability analysis is generally based on time-domain simulations of structural responses. The seismic load is then modelled by a stochastic process, representing seismic ground motion. For this purpose, the analyst can use recorded accelerograms or work with synthetically generated ones. When performing advanced probabilistic analyses, synthetic accelerograms are often used...

If the elements within a figure move synchronously while those in the surround move at a different time, the figure is easily segregated from the surround and thus perceived. Lee and Blake (1999) [Visual form created solely from temporal structure. Science, 284, 1165-1168] demonstrated that this figure-ground separation may be based not only on time differences between motion onsets, but also o...

Earthquake ground motions induced by a scenario event are spatially (partially) correlated and (partially) coherent. Simulated ground motion records can be used to carry out nonlinear inelastic time history analysis for a portfolio of buildings to estimate the seismic loss, which is advantageous as there is no need to develop and apply empirical ground motion prediction equations and the ductil...

Computer graphics animation often lacks interaction between rigid object and granular material. In this paper, we propose a method for the deformation of the ground surface that consists of granular material when it penetrated by a rigid body object in motion. Meanwhile, the motion of the rigid object is also affected due to the collision with the ground surface. Our simulation model concerns: ...

Regional ground-motion generation and propagation must be characterized to adequately assess seismic hazard. In the Cascadia region of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington, the ground-motion issues are particularly complex because of the contributions to hazard from five distinct types of events, all of which behave differently in terms of their ground-motion propagation ch...

In India, the frequency of occurrence of earthquakes is more, especially in Himalaya, northeast India and Gujarat region. Therefore it becomes essential to estimate the seismic inputs for such earthquakes to reduce the structural damage. From engineering point of view, the most sought-after data is the strong motion accelerograms (SMA), recorded in the places where earthquake has occurred. The ...