In the European policy debate, tradable green certificates (TGC) have been suggested to be a superior regulatory framework for promoting the diffusion of renewable electricity technologies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the Swedish TGC system, contributing to the European debate on the suitability of different types of frameworks. The expectations of the TGC system w...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of the purchase power of the higher education system to catalyze the economy of scale necessary to ensure market competitiveness for solar photovoltaic electricity. Design/methodology/approach – The approach used here was to first determine the demand necessary to construct “Solar City factories”, factories that possess equipment and pro...

The fifth generation (5G) mobile networks expect significantly higher transmission rate and energy efficiency than existing networks. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), where various low power base stations (BSs) are underlaid in a macro-cellular network, are likely to become the dominate theme during the wireless evolution towards 5G. However the complex HetNets scenario poses substantial chall...

This paper ascertains which state policies are accelerating deployment of nonhydropower renewable electricity generation capacity into a states electric power industry. A state fixed-effects model is used to simultaneously estimate the effects of multiple state policies in all fifty states. As would be expected, policies that lead to significant increases in actual renewable capacity in that st...

Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network resea...

The rapidly growing server energy expenditure and the warning of climate change have forced the IT industry to look at datacenters powered by renewable energy. Existing proposals on this issue yield sub-optimal performance as they typically assume certain specific type of renewable energy sources and overlook the benefits of cross-source coordination. This paper takes the first step toward expl...

In order to meet the Kyoto targets, in the Netherlands in 2010 9% of electricity consumption should be generated from renewable resources. In this paper, we discuss and comment on the green energy policy that the Dutch government has adopted in 2001 and 2002 in order to reach this goal, and the new subsidy system that will be in place as of 2003. On the one hand, the policies from the past were...

Albert Einstein discovered the theoretical foundations on which photovoltaic cells are based a hundred years ago — it was a spin-off from his annus mirabilis. Half a century ago, Bell labs built solar cells out of silicon, which soon came to be used in space flight. But the real breakthrough in solar cells was neither theoretical, nor experimental. It was a simple pecuniary reward. Since the 19...

Recently, a lot of energy efficient techniques have been developed to reduce the usage of the carbon intensive energy (brown energy) of databases. There is a new opportunity to reduce the brown energy usage: renewable energy (green energy) has been used to at least partially power computer systems. The key challenge of exploiting green energy sources is that they are variable and intermittent. ...