the study of the relationships of the plant species with the soil in a salty ecosystem would play a significant role in the ecologic programming and management of these inhabitants. the saline and alkaline rangelands of the golestan province are areas that contain salty soil with high underground crusts. the areas are covered by halophyte plants such as frankenia hirsuta. this species is a pere...

Grazing plays an important role in milk production most regions of the world. Despite importance grazing, current trends livestock farming Europe are causing a decline popularity pasture-based feeding dairy cows. This paper aims to provide overview challenges faced by pasture system under climate change. lands ecosystem services including regulation and storage water flows, nutrient cycling, C ...

Cattle grazing effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates were assessed in a 4-year experiment of a mountain stream in northeastern Oregon. From 1996 through 1999, 10 cow–calf pairs were introduced into 6 experimental units along the stream for 42 days between July and September, and effects on aquatic macroinvertebrates were compared with 3 units in which no grazing occurred. Streambank and geomorp...

The study of the relationships of the plant species with the soil in a salty ecosystem would play a significant role in the ecologic programming and management of these inhabitants. The saline and alkaline rangelands of the Golestan province are areas that contain salty soil with high underground crusts. The areas are covered by halophyte plants such as Frankenia hirsuta. This species is a pere...

World-wide population declines have sharpened concern for amphibian conservation on working landscapes. Across the Sierra Nevada's national forest lands, where almost half of native amphibian species are considered at risk, permitted livestock grazing is a notably controversial agricultural activity. Cattle (Bos taurus) grazing is thought to degrade the quality, and thus reduce occupancy, of me...

In theMongolian steppes, livestock and burrowing rodents are the main animal modifiers of the habitat. Although grazing lands and rodent habitats overlap, the combined effects of livestock and rodent disturbance on spatial heterogeneity of plants and soil have rarely been evaluated. We established study plots at each of four sites: sites heavily grazed by livestock, with and without marmots, an...

-The effects of deferred rotation, time control (Savory Grazing Method), season-long, and livestock exclusion on streambank stability and trout habitat condition in a southwestern Montana riparian zone has been monitored since 1986. Although livestock exclusion appeared to improve channel conditions in 1986, there was no significant difference among any of the treatments thereafter. The decline...

Please World Summary.— The debate over the future and development of African pastoral systems is dominated by two paradigms that are considered mutually exclusive: the modernization and the mobility paradigm. However, an ethnographic study of a peri-urban pastoral system in the Far North Province of Cameroon shows that these paradigms need and should not be mutually exclusive. Peri-urban pastor...