Livestock predation by large carnivores and their persecution by local communities are major conservation concerns. In order to prevent speculations and reduce conflicts, it is crucial to get detailed and accurate data on predators' dietary ecology, which is particularly important in human dominated landscapes where livestock densities are high. This is the case of the endangered Iberian wolf i...

PM2.5 is one of the main factors air pollution, so prediction great significance. For this reason, innovation priority discrete nonlinear gray model based on wolf optimization algorithm established, which principle in system principle. Try to optimize model, and use solve parameters. First, basic theory proposed. On basis, used improve cumulative generation sequence, with parameters defined. Fi...

Dogs exhibit more phenotypic variation than any other mammal and are affected by a wide variety of genetic diseases. However, the origin and genetic basis of this variation is still poorly understood. We examined the effect of domestication on the dog genome by comparison with its wild ancestor, the gray wolf. We compared variation in dog and wolf genes using whole-genome single nucleotide poly...

The canine major histocompatibility complex contains highly polymorphic genes, many of which are critical in regulating immune response. Since domestic dogs evolved from Gray Wolves (Canis lupus), common DLA class II alleles should exist. Sequencing was used to characterize 175 Gray Wolves for DLA class II alleles, and data from 1856 dogs, covering 85 different breeds of mostly European origin,...

This study investigates the gene pool of Portuguese autochthonous dog breeds and their wild counterpart, the Iberian wolf subspecies (Canis lupus signatus), using standard molecular markers. A combination of paternal and maternal molecular markers was used to investigate the genetic composition, genetic differentiation and genetic relationship of native Portuguese dogs and the Iberian wolf. A t...

With the rapid development of economy, disparity between supply and demand resources is becoming increasingly prominent in engineering design. In this paper, an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm proposed (IGWO) to optimize design problems. First, a tent map used generate initial location population, which evenly distributes population lays foundation for diversified global search proces...

Abstract Domestication has greatly changed the social and reproductive behavior of dogs relative to that wild members genus Canis, which typically exhibit monogamy extended parental care. Unlike a typical gray wolf pack consists single breeding pair their offspring from multiple seasons, group free-ranging (FRDs) can include individuals both sexes. To understand consequences this shift in behav...

A Trichinella spiralis isolate obtained from a gray wolf (Canis lupus) in northwestern Montana in 1987 was evaluated for infectivity and resistance to freezing and its DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP's) compared to that from other sylvatic and domestic isolates. Infectivity indices in albino mice were low (<2.6) and correlated well with mouse infectivity data from other sylv...