Experimental Design The trait of interest in our experiment is the proportion of the granule types. This is estimated from the granule size distribution using the two methods described in the main paper, namely the size threshold measure and mixture measure. The distribution of the granule size is obtained from a multi-phase experiment. Specifically, the experiment involved four phases: grain s...

we develop a two phase sampling procedure to determine the sample size necessary to estimatethe population mean of a normally distributed random variable and show that the resulting estimator has preassigned variance and is unbiased under a regular condition. we present a necessary and sufficient condition under which the final sample mean is an unbiased estimator for the population mean.

Model close fit is one key issue in the mean and covariance structure analysis. In this article, we utilize the latest results on the general distribution of likelihood ratio statistic in this methodology and propose several distribution free root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) tests for evaluating the hypothesis of close fit of misspecified models. Simulation studies show that thre...

Dynamic simulations with discrete elements are used to obtain more insight into the wave propagation in dense granular media. A small perturbation is created on one side of a dense, static packing and examined during its propagation until it arrives at the opposite side. The influence of polydispersity is studied by randomly varying the particle sizes by a tiny amount. A size variation comparab...

Effects of interstitial air on the motions of a large intruder in a shaken granular bed are studied experimentally as a function of ambient air pressure, particle size of the bed, and the density of the intruder. It is found that the intruder always rises from the granular bed in the absence of air. However, the intruder can acquire both positive and negative buoyancy in the presence of air. Ne...

The microstructure of coagulated colloidal particles, for which the interparticle potential is described by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verweg-Overbeek theory, is strongly influenced by the particles' surface potential. Depending on its value, the resulting microstructures are either more "homogeneous" or more "heterogeneous," at equal volume fractions. An adequate quantification of a structure's degr...

Experimental mouse chimeras have proven useful in analyzing the cell lineages of various tissues. Here we use experimental mouse chimeras to study cell lineage of the hippocampus. We examined clonal architecture and lineage relationships of the hippocampal pyramidal cells, dentate granule cells, and GABAergic interneurons. We quantitatively analyzed like-genotype cohorts of these neuronal popul...

Segregation and mixing of granular mixtures during heap formation has important consequences in industry and agriculture. This research investigates three different final particle configurations of bidisperse granular mixtures--stratified, segregated and mixed--during filling of quasi-two-dimensional silos. We consider a large number and wide range of control parameters, including particle size...

Samples of tissue from molluscum contagiosum lesions were fixed in 1 per cent buffered osmium tetroxide (1) for 3 hours, then washed in veronalacetate at pH 7.3 for 21/~ hours, dehydrated in graded alcohols, and embedded in methacrylate. Thin sections of this material were taken for study in the electron microscope. A small dense granule was found within the elementary bodies contained in these...