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The biofilm community structure in a granular activated carbon (GAC) filter was investigated by ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis (RISA). The results showed that microbial diversity diminished and stabilized with time of filter operation. One bacterium (Hydrogenophaga palleronii) was identified according to its 16S-rRNA sequence. However, this bacterium did not degrade any of the HAAs...

Activated carbon (AC) has been shown to remove precursors of halogenated disinfection byproducts. Granular and powdered activated carbon (GAC, PAC) were investigated for their potential to adsorb N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors from blends of river water and effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). At bench scale, waters were exposed to lignite or bituminous AC, either as PAC...

Biological desulfurization processes of landfill gas yield an enormous amount biologically produced S (BPS) as a byproduct. Capability BPS to remove Cd2+ from aqueous solutions was tested and its removal efficiency compared that granular activated carbon (GAC). Kinetics by two-stage process with initial rapid adsorption showing 45% removed within 5 min, followed slower adsorption. Cadmium onto ...

Hampton Roads Sanitation District recently initiated an indirect potable reuse project to recharge the Potomac Aquifer in southeastern Virginia, USA. Source control and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment are employed minimize per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) content this water. Final purified water maintained low long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs; <8 ppt sum of PFOA, PFNA, PFD...

The purpose of this study was to collect experimental data and develop a mathematical model describing the equilibrium phase distribution of a common organic chemical, trichloroethylene (TCE), among cyclodextrin (CD), water, and granular-activated carbon (GAC). Batch tests and a modified linear regression model were applied to assess the partitioning behavior in this multiphase (CD pseudophase–...

Chlorine dioxide is widely used as a pre-oxidant and disinfectant but it has the disadvantage of inducing the formation of the inorganic by-products chlorites and chlorates. It is therefore of interest to decrease the chlorine dioxide demand and oxidation, and/or removal of natural organic matter (NOM). The objective of this study was to estimate the efficiency of the adsorption of oxidised and...

Granular activated carbon (GAC) was used to remove bromide (Br⁻) and bromate (BrO(3)(-)) from drinking water in both bench- and pilot-scale experiments. The present study aims to minimize BrO(3)(-) formation and eliminate BrO(3)(-) generated during the ozonation of drinking water, particularly in packaged drinking water. Results show that the Br⁻ and BrO(3)(-) levels in GAC-treated water decrea...

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) consist by a hydrophobic perfluorinated carbon tail and a hydrophilic ionic headgroup. Because of their unique structure, PFCs have a wide variety of applications including active ingredient in fire fighting foams, impregnation for food packing and waterproof breathable fabrics and the producing of teflon. Recently, the research interest for these compounds has b...

Abstract A comparison of granular and biological activated carbon (GAC BAC) media used for drinking water treatment was made to assess differences in surface elemental composition. Fresh GAC, recently commissioned GAC end‐of‐service life BAC from a plant New Zealand were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (IC...