ABSTRACT:
 This study would like to analyse constraint of grammar teaching and learning process in junior high school. The goal this was examine the determine constraints that process. design applied research is qualitative approach type a case study. researcher used questionnaires, interviews, observation gather data for English teacher who taught second year students some became responde...

We generalize Solomonoff’s stochastic context-free grammar induction method to context-sensitive grammars, and apply it to transfer learning problem by means of an efficient update algorithm. The stochastic grammar serves as a guiding program distribution which improves future probabilistic induction approximations by learning about the training sequence of problems. Stochastic grammar is updat...

For second language learners, the value of the explicit teaching of English grammar has never been questioned. However, in recent times there has been dissent about whether or not to teach English grammar to native speakers. From the late 1960s onwards English grammar teaching in the United Kingdom largely disappeared from the curriculum, and was replaced by teachers focusing on students learni...

This study investigated whether the negative effect of complexity on artificial grammar learning could be compensated by adding semantics. Participants were exposed to exemplars from a simple or a complex finite state grammar presented with or without a semantic reference field. As expected, performance on a grammaticality judgment test was higher for the simple grammar than for the complex gra...

A dominant hypothesis in empirical research on the evolution of language is the following: the fundamental difference between animal and human communication systems is captured by the distinction between regular and more complex non-regular grammars. Studies reporting successful artificial grammar learning of nested recursive structures and imaging studies of the same have methodological shortc...

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been shown to be impaired on some nondeclarative memory tasks that require cognitive skill learning (perceptual-motor sequence learning, probabilistic classification). To determine what other skill-based tasks are impaired, 13 patients with PD were tested on artificial grammar learning, artificial grammar learning with transfer to novel lettersets, an...