The microstructure of Ti-6-4 components produced by additive manufacturing suffers from the coarse and elongated prior-? grain, which leads to a decrease tensile behavior occurrence anisotropy. To understand control grain evolution, multiscale simulation is applied investigate relationship between selection, growth orientation, molten pool morphology with different deposition layer numbers proc...

Positive cloud-to ground lightning (+ CGL) occurs in a minor fraction of all thunderstorms [1]. We propose that the microscopic mechanism is the same as in the more common negative CGL, whereas the different polarity is due to the macroscopic cloud dynamics [2]. The origin of collisional charging involves three stages in the basic process [3]. In the first stage kinetic roughening of the surfac...

IN EARLY February, when the Russian invasion of Ukraine was still an unimaginable prospect, Governor Bank England walked into a political storm by proposing that workers should refrain from pressing for substantial wage increases to compensate rising cost living. Martin Sandbu Financial Times nailed one problem with tweeted question: ‘why does governor encourage restraint in demands but not cal...