In this study, we examined genetic and environmental influences on covariation among two reading tests used in neuropsychological assessment (Cambridge Contextual Reading Test [CCRT], [Beardsall, L., and Huppert, F. A. (1994). J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 16:232-242], Schonell Graded Word Reading Test [SGWRT], [Schonell, F. J., and Schonell, P. E. (1960). Diagnostic and attainment testing. Edinb...

A connectionist approach to word reading, based on the principles of distributed representation, graded learning of statistical structure, and interactivity in processing, has led to the development of explicit computational models which account for a wide range of data on normal skilled reading and on patterns of reading impairment due to brain damage. There have, however, been recent empirica...

The use of different literary texts in language learning and teaching was undertaken many research articles, reviews, dissertations. Several studies have indicated the effectiveness literature learning. One used to teach a foreign or second is graded readers which are simplified versions original texts. This qualitative case study intends investigate tertiary EFL learners’ attitudes towards Par...

Let $G$ be a monoid with identity $e$. In this paper, first we introduce the notions of $G$-graded hyperrings, graded hyperideals and graded hyperfields in the sense of Krasner hyperring $R$. Also, we define the notion of a greded $R$-hypermodules and some examples are presented. Then we investigate graded maximal, graded prime and graded primary hyperideals of a graded hyperring $R$. Finally, ...

Efficient language processing may involve generating expectations about upcoming input. To investigate the extent to which prediction might facilitate reading, a large-scale survey provided cloze scores for all 2689 words in 55 different text passages. Highly predictable words were quite rare (5% of content words), and most words had a more-expected competitor. An eye-tracking study showed sens...

A connectionist approach to processing in quasi-regular domains, as exemplified by English word reading, is developed. Networks using appropriately structured orthographic and phonological representations were trained to read both regular and exception words, and yet were also able to read pronounceable nonwords as well as skilled readers. A mathematical analysis of a simplified system clarifie...