Recently, we demonstrated that gene ablation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 markedly contributed to age-related vascular dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress. The present study has sought to investigate the extent of vascular dysfunction and oxidant formation in glutathione peroxidase-1-deficient (GPx-1(-/-)) mice during the aging process ...

Certain forms of dietary Se may have advantages for improving human Se status and regulating the risk for disease, such as cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study compared the effects of a Se-enriched milk protein (dairy-Se) with a Se-rich yeast (yeast-Se) on plasma Se levels and rectal selenoprotein gene expression since we reasoned that if these genes were not regulated,...

INTRODUCTION The potential role of oxidative stress (OS) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) is rapidly evolving. Reported results support the concept that increased OS may play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes. STUDY AIM The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical correlates of systemic OS markers in a well characterized group of patients with Me...

The objective of this research was to determine the influence of dietary Se on various indicators of Se status and relative liver glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in growing Holstein bull calves. Calves (n = 14, 7/diet) were started 28 d after birth on a Se-adequate (SeA) or Se-deficient diet (SeD) and maintained on the diet until 180 d of age. Blood samples were tak...

Recently, we have put forward the hypothesis that a decreased concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) may be implicated in the mechanisms of peroxidative damage to the liver and kidney caused by lead (Pb) and/or ethanol (EtOH). Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the activities of GSH-related enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathi...

In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell lines, very low expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX-1) activity and hgpx1 mRNA has been observed. Such cell lines have been used as models in studies of resistance to redox cycling anticancer drugs. In particular, large increases in GPX-1 activity levels by expression of transfected GPX-1 cDNA have been shown to confer some resistanc...

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Se supplementation and source on the Se status of horses. Eighteen 18-mo-old nonexercised horses were randomly assigned within sex to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control (CTRL, no supplemental Se, 0.15 mg of Se/kg of total diet DM); 2) inorganic Se (INORG, CTRL + 0.45 mg of Se/kg of total diet DM from NaSeO3); or organic Se [ORG, CTRL + 0.45 mg of S...

See related article, pages 41–49 A major challenge in genetic association studies is the choice of appropriate candidate genes based on plausible biologically driven hypotheses. The current study by Voetsch and coworkers1 in this issue of Stroke illustrates how the integration of traditional epidemiological approaches, such as case-control studies, and experimental data from the laboratory can ...

Biomarkers predicting for the radiation-induced lung responses of pneumonitis or fibrosis are largely unknown. Herein we investigated whether markers of oxidative stress and intracellular antioxidants, measured within days of radiation exposure, are correlated with the lung tissue injury response occurring weeks later. Mice of the eight inbred strains differing in their susceptibility to radiat...

Among major reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibits dual roles in plant metabolism. Low levels of H2O2 modulate many biological/physiological processes in plants; whereas, its high level can cause damage to cell structures, having severe consequences. Thus, steady-state level of cellular H2O2 must be tightly regulated. Glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and ascorbate peroxid...