BACKGROUND Deficient production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidase in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) results in susceptibility to certain pathogens secondary to impaired oxidative killing and mobilization of other phagocyte defenses. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, including pioglit...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis by stimulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration, primarily through the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGF receptor2 (Flk1/KDR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NAD(P)H oxidase are critically important in many aspects of vascular cell regulation, and both the small GTPase Rac1 and gp91(phox) are critical components ...

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within endothelial cells may have several effects, including alterations in the activity of paracrine factors, gene expression, apoptosis, and cellular injury. Recent studies indicate that a phagocyte-type NAD(P)H oxidase is a major source of endothelial ROS. In contrast to the high-output phagocytic oxidase, the endothelial enzyme has much lower ...

The phagocyte-type NADPH oxidase expressed in endothelial cells differs from the neutrophil enzyme in that it exhibits low level activity even in the absence of agonist stimulation, and it generates intracellular reactive oxygen species. The mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. We studied the subcellular location of (a) oxidase subunits and (b) functionally active enzyme in unst...

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on NADPH oxidase activity and gp91-phox gene expression in human colostrum macrophages (CM), peripheral blood monocytes (PBM), and myelomonocytic THP-1 cells. We also investigated the effect of IFN-gamma on the release of TNF-alpha by these cells. Our results show that unde...

The phagocyte NADPH-dependent oxidase generates superoxide by reducing molecular oxygen through a transmembrane heterodimer known as flavocytochrome b(558) (flavocytochrome b). We investigated the biosynthesis of flavocytochrome b subunits gp91(phox) and p22(phox) to elucidate features of flavocytochrome b processing in myeloid cells. Although the gp91(phox) precursor, gp65, was processed to gp...

present compelling evidence for conventional gp91containing NAD(P)H oxidase in the vascular endothelium and for the functional involvement of gp91 in endothelial cell NAD(P)H oxidase superoxide anion (O2) production and aberrant endothelium-dependent relaxation. Many studies have implicated reactive oxygen species in the impairment of endothelium-dependent vascular responses.2–10 Since their in...

BACKGROUND NADPH oxidase is believed to modulate arterial tone, but its role in humans is still unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether NADPH oxidase is involved in flow-mediated arterial dilation (FMD). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five patients with hereditary deficiency of gp91(phox), the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase, (X-CGD), 25 healthy subjects, and 25 obese patient...

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder due to a genetic defect in one of the components of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. This complex is composed of membrane-bound gp91-phox and p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic subunits consisting of p47-phox, p67-phox, and p40-phox. A mutation in CYBB gene encoding gp91-phox locate...

Recently, we showed that cultured guinea pig gastric pit cells possess a phagocyte NADPH oxidase-like activity, which was up-regulated by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. We demonstrate here that these cells express all of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase components (gp91-, p22-, p67-, p47-, and p40-phoxes). Treatment with lipopolysaccharide increased the expression of gp91-, p22-, and p67-ph...