Vertebrate skeletal muscles contain muscle fibers of several types, which can be broadly classified as slow or fast fibers, on the basis of differences in contraction speeds, metabolic activities, and motoneuron innervation. We have examined the potential roles of growth factors of members of the hedgehog and TGF-ß gene families in the formation of slow muscle fibers including muscle pioneer (M...

We trialled the efficacy of various exogenous hormones to induce spermiation, courtship behavior, and spawning in the "endangered" southern bell frog, Litoria raniformis. Intralymphatic administration of Lucrin(®), a synthetic nonapeptide luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), was used successfully to induce courting behaviors and ejaculation of spermatozoa in males. Various hormones, in...

Cell volume changes induced in various ways (anisosmotic environment, hormones, oxidative stress, substrate uptake) are an integral part of a signal transduction network regulating cell function. Cell swelling has received increasing attention as a stimulus for a variety of intracellular phenomena. One of the most remarkable effects of cell swelling is its powerful effect in inducing exocytosis...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative importance of thyroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin in relation to the risk of gestational thyrotoxicosis in Saudi women living in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on Saudi healthy pregnant women (N=406) at 12-15 weeks of gestation and compared with healthy non-pregnant controls (N=200). Maternal serum le...

Periodic solutions of a recently suggested parsimonious mathematical model of pulse-modulated regulation of non-basal testosterone secretion in the male are studied. The model is of third order, reflecting the three most significant hormones in the regulation loop, but yet is shown to be capable of sustaining periodic solutions with one or two pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on each pe...

Subjects and methods Thirty nine girls with breast development were underwent full anthropometric and, hormonal assessments. Depending on the results of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) test 22 patient, as premature telarche, and the rests, as precocious puberty, were evaluated. Nineteen age-matched, non-pubertal girls, were included as control group. Polysomnography was carried out to all...

A better understanding of interindividual differences and the development targeted therapies is one major challenges modern medicine. The sex a person plays crucial role in this regard. This systematic review aimed to summarise analyse available evidence on mutual interactions between non-invasive brain stimulation sex/polypeptide hormones. PubMed database was searched from its inception 31 Mar...