The results of experiments on the application of a variety of distance measures to a question-answering task are reported. Variants of tree-distance are considered, including whole-vs-sub tree, node weighting, wild cards and lexical emphasis. We derive string-distance as a special case of tree-distance and show that a particular parameterisation of tree-distance outperforms the string-distance ...

Many success stories have been reported on specific effects of measurement. But little is known about the multiple interactions of measurement programmes with the business environment of a software organisation. This paper summarises industrial experiences with the Goal/Question/Metric (GQM) approach to software engineering measurement. They are based on long-term observation and additional det...

Current tasks and methods in Document Understanding aims to process documents as single elements. However, are usually organized collections (historical records, purchase invoices), that provide context useful for their interpretation. To address this problem, we introduce Collection Visual Question Answering (DocCVQA) a new dataset related task, where questions posed over whole collection of d...

A natural question in the study of geometric operators is that of how much information is needed to estimate the eigenvalues of an operator. For the square of the Dirac operator, such a question has at least peripheral physical import. When coupled to gauge fields, the lowest eigenvalue is related to chiral symmetry breaking. In the pure metric case, lower eigenvalue estimates may help to give ...

We study asymptotic invariants of metric spaces, defined in terms the travelling salesman problem, and our goal is to classify groups spaces depending on how well they can be ordered this context. characterize virtually free as those admitting an order which has some efficiency 4-point subsets. show that all $$\delta $$ -hyperbolic extremely efficiently, for question when number points a subset...

this paper compares clusters of aligned persian and english texts obtained from k-means method. text clustering has many applications in various fields of natural language processing. so far, much english documents clustering research has been accomplished. now this question arises, are the results of them extendable to other languages? since the goal of document clustering is grouping of docum...

For a class of fuzzy metric spaces (in the sense of George and Veeramani) with an H-type t-norm,  we present a method to construct a metric on a  fuzzy metric space. The induced metric space shares many important properties with the given fuzzy metric space.  Specifically, they generate the same topology, and have the same completeness. Our results can give the constructive proofs to some probl...