This paper studies the multiplicity-correction effect of standard Bayesian variableselection priors in linear regression. The first goal of the paper is to clarify when, and how, multiplicity correction is automatic in Bayesian analysis, and contrast this multiplicity correction with the Bayesian Ockham’s-razor effect. Secondly, we contrast empirical-Bayes and fully Bayesian approaches to varia...

The M.A. study reported here aimed at examining the processing of isolated lexically ambiguous words in L2 by fluent Polish-English bilinguals. Just as many people speak more then one language (Cook 2002: 22), most words prove to have more than one meaning or sense (Rodd er al. 2004: 90). Consequently, it appears crucial to add the ambiguity factor to the analysis of the lexicon. Indeed, a vari...

In this paper, we present an application of intuitionistic fuzzyprogramming to a two person bi-matrix game (pair of payoffs matrices) for thesolution with mixed strategies using linear membership and non-membershipfunctions. We also introduce the intuitionistic fuzzy(IF) goal for a choiceof a strategy in a payoff matrix in order to incorporate ambiguity of humanjudgements; a player wants to max...

This paper offers an active inference account of choice behaviour and learning. It focuses on the distinction between goal-directed and habitual behaviour and how they contextualise each other. We show that habits emerge naturally (and autodidactically) from sequential policy optimisation when agents are equipped with state-action policies. In active inference, behaviour has explorative (episte...

Today’s evolution of Ubiquitous Computing and Service Oriented Computing is leading to the development of ContextAware Services. However, the ambiguity of the context concept and the multiplicity of services’ execution contexts make CASs hard to build and show why there is a lack of generic approaches for designing such services. In this paper, we first present our context metamodel based on a ...

abstract the subject matter of this paper is study of the simurgh pattern's reflection in islamic potteries and tiles of iran. author intends relying on some historic and literary principles as well as identification of drawing characteristics and symbolic concepts of simurgh, detect the cause of difference between islamic simurgh and sassanid simurgh. in addition, he aimed at tracing of p...

I many circumstances, evaluations are based on empirical data. However, some observations may be imprecise, meaning that it is not entirely clear what occurred in them. We address the question of how beliefs are formed in these situations. The individual in our model is essentially a “frequentist.” He first makes a subjective judgment about the occurrence of the event for each imprecise observa...

Modeling sentence similarity is complicated by the ambiguity and variability of linguistic expression. To cope with these challenges, we propose a model for comparing sentences that uses a multiplicity of perspectives. We first model each sentence using a convolutional neural network that extracts features at multiple levels of granularity and uses multiple types of pooling. We then compare our...

The high level of ambiguity of the Arabic script poses special challenges to developers of NLP tools in areas such as morphological analysis, named entity extraction and machine translation. These difficulties are exacerbated by the lack of comprehensive lexical resources, such as proper noun databases, and the multiplicity of ambiguous transcription schemes. This paper focuses on some of the l...