BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure enhances allergic inflammation and has been linked to the incidence of asthma. Oxidative stress on the thiol molecules cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) can promote inflammatory host responses. The effect of DEP on the thiol oxidation/reduction (redox) state in the asthmatic lung is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if DEP exposure alters the...

Oxidative stress during cardiac arrest may inactivate myocardial enzymes and thereby exacerbate ischemic derangements of myocardial metabolism. This study examined the impact of cardiac arrest on left ventricular enzymes. Beagles were subjected to 5 min of cardiac arrest and 5 min of open-chest cardiac compressions (OCCC) before epicardial direct current countershocks were applied to restore si...

Modification of protein thiol by mixed disulfide formation with low molecular weight cellular thiols has been proposed as one of the post-translational modifications of amino acid side chains and is known to be catalyzed by thioltransferase. Intestinal mucosa is susceptible to oxidative injury and is likely to form protein mixed disulfide during oxidative stress. In the present study thioltrans...

The hypothesis that the Akt inhibitor, perifosine (PER), combined with inhibitors of glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) metabolism will induce cytotoxicity via metabolic oxidative stress in human head and neck cancer (HNSCC) cells was tested. PER induced increases in glutathione disulfide (%GSSG) in FaDu, Cal-27, and SCC-25 HNSCCs as well as causing significant clonogenic cell killing in F...

BACKGROUND In vitro and rodent studies have shown that arsenic (As) exposure can deplete glutathione (GSH) and induce oxidative stress. GSH is the primary intracellular antioxidant; it donates an electron to reactive oxygen species, thus producing glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Cysteine (Cys) and cystine (CySS) are the predominant thiol/disulfide redox couple found in human plasma. Arsenic, GSH,...

Normal cellular functions essentially depend on a balanced redox environment. Free radicals and nonradical oxidants can shift the redox balance toward a more “oxidized” state, which is counteracted by the intracellular antioxidant defense systems. These include the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the thiol-reducing systems (glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin). Glut...

The release and transfer of zinc from metallothionein (MT) to zinc-depleted sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) in vitro has been used to explore the role of MT in cellular zinc distribution. A 1:1 molar ratio of MT to sorbitol dehydrogenase is required for full reactivation, indicating that only one of the seven zinc atoms of MT is transferred in this process. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and gl...

Lehninger and Schneider (1) studied the swelling of isolat,ed liver mitochondria induced by reduced glutathione (GSH). One outstanding difference from thyroxine-induced swelling was that GSH-induced swelling was not reversible. These studies have been extended by Lehninger and Gotterer (2, 3) with the discovery that GSH-induced swelling is reversed by adenosine triphosphate + Mg ++ + bovine ser...

Lehninger and Schneider (1) studied the swelling of isolat,ed liver mitochondria induced by reduced glutathione (GSH). One outstanding difference from thyroxine-induced swelling was that GSH-induced swelling was not reversible. These studies have been extended by Lehninger and Gotterer (2, 3) with the discovery that GSH-induced swelling is reversed by adenosine triphosphate + Mg ++ + bovine ser...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the glutathione-disulfide system of antioxidant defense in men with different body mass index and infertility. METHODS 60 men with infertility were examined--30 with normal weight and 30 with overweight. 30fertile men were included in the control group. Hemolysate made from red blood cells was used as a materialfor study. The level of reduced (GSH) and oxi...