BACKGROUND The development of the mouse zygote following fertilization in vitro in a KSOM-type medium containing either L-glutamine or glycyl-L-glutamine has been examined, and compared with the development of mouse zygotes produced by natural fertilization. METHODS Mouse IVF, embryo culture and embryo transfer. RESULTS Fertilization rates, development to the blastocyst stage, implantation ...

Severe infection causes marked derangements in the flow of glutamine among organs, and these changes are accompanied by significant alterations in regional cell membrane transport and intracellular glutamine metabolism. Skeletal muscle, the major repository of glutamine, exhibits a twofold increase in glutamine release during infection, which is associated with a significant increase in endogen...

This study examined glutamine dependency in cancer cells, where glutamine serves as the primary mitochondrial energy source. Effects of the protein cyclin D1 on glutamine metabolism were examined because cyclin D1 is a major driver of cancer-cell proliferation. Specific goals were 1) to find human cancer-cell lines that are glutamine dependent, 2) to knock down glutamine and overexpress cyclin ...

Vanda is an economically important orchid that widely produced in Thailand. Usually, growers apply large amounts of fertilizer throughout the plant, covering leaves and roots to ensure good quality products. Nitrogen fertilizer, terms ammonium (NH4+) nitrate (NO3−), generally used as N source. In addition, nitrogen organic (glutamine) increasingly being promote rapid growth some plants. However...

Glutamine is considered to be a 'conditionally' essential amino acid. During situations of severe stress like sepsis or after trauma there is a fall in plasma glutamine levels, enhanced glutamine turnover and intracellular muscle glutamine depletion. Under these conditions, decreased intramuscular glutamine concentration correlates with reduced rates of protein synthesis. It has therefore been ...

A comparison of the effects of replacing L -glutamine with either glycyl-L-glutamine or alanyl-L-glutamine in a KSOM-type medium on the development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vitro has been made. Alanyl-L-glutamine has no significant effect on the rates of blastocyst formation, onset or completion of hatching, and on the numbers of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells that develop. ...

Twenty-four h after tumor transplantation increases of free glutamine in plasma, liver, and kidney occurred simultaneously with the exponential phase of tumor growth. Kidney and muscle glutamine synthetase also increased in the first 2 days following tumor transplantation, while kidney and liver glutaminases decreased. The levels of free glutamine in plasma and tissues, and the activities of gl...

The glutamine carrier from rat kidney mitochondria, solubilized in dodecyl octaoxyethylene ether (C12E8) and partly purified on hydroxyapatite, was identified and completely purified by Celite chromatography. On SDS/PAGE, the purified glutamine carrier consisted of a single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 41.5 kDa. When reconstituted into liposomes, the glutamine carrier catalys...

32 33 In enterocytes, glutamine serves as the major source of energy; another metabolic fate of glutamine is 34 conversion to citrulline. Because sepsis can affect gut function and integrity, alterations in glutamine 35 metabolism may exist and lead to decreased citrulline production. This study aimed to investigate how 36 sepsis affects glutamine metabolism, including its conversion to citrull...

Exercise stimulates the production and release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from skeletal muscle. Glutamine is also synthesized in skeletal muscle and is involved in protein synthesis within this tissue. During exercise, plasma levels of glutamine decline, and this may affect the concentration of plasma IL-6 via a decrease in IL-6 synthesis and release from muscle. We hypothesized that glutamine sup...