We used random-dot kinematograms to compare the effects of early monocular versus early binocular deprivation on the development of the perception of the direction of global motion. Patients had been visually deprived by a cataract in one or both eyes from birth or later after a history of normal visual experience. The discrimination of direction of global motion was significantly impaired afte...

Originally conceived as a synthesis of key cultural variables that have been recognized by thought leaders in the field of cross-cultural management and communication, the Cultural Orientations Model (COM) has anchored the translation of theory into practice for over 20 years. Along with the Cultural Orientations Indicator® (COI) and the Cultural Navigator®, the synthesis has evolved and become...

This paper presents three different hunger indicators and outlines how they can be used to assess the extent of food insecurity in population groups globally and within countries at community, regional, or other subnational levels. Hunger refers to the supply, access, consumption, and intake of food at levels that are insufficient to fulfill human requirements. If the requirements are not met t...

Competitive fighting was obtained in pairs of like-sexed laboratory rats by placing a single piece of food into the food hopper following 48 hr. of food deprivation. The fighting was characterized by offensive sideways posture, full aggressive posture, and bite and kick attack. Tests were conducted at 110-120 days of age on pairs of animals that had been housed together since weaning. Fighting ...

When a reinforcement is delivered according to a fixed-ratio schedule, it has been found that responding occurs in a specific temporal pattern (Ferster & Skinner, 1957). Periods of no responding characteristically follow the delivery of the reinforcer. Once responding begins, it assumes a very high rate of several responses per second. The resulting performance is bivalued; responding occurs ei...

Sensory cortical circuits are shaped by experience during sensitive periods in development. In the primary visual cortex (V1) altered visual experience results in changes in visual responsiveness of cortical neurons. The experience-dependent refinement of the circuit in V1 is thought to rely on competitive interactions between feedforward circuits driven by the two eyes. However, recent data ha...

It is important for animals to adapt to changes in food availability in order to survive. Hoarding is one method ofaccomplishing this and the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is particularly adept at hoarding. Previous literature suggests a connection between hoarding and stress. To further examine this connection, the present study looked at the effects of illumination and food deprivatio...

A brief survey was undertaken to assess the nature and severity of food scarcity experienced by a sample of 88 street youth in downtown Toronto, and to identify markers of vulnerability to food scarcity. Almost half of the youth reported experiencing involuntary hunger or food deprivation during the previous 30 days. Youth who were literally homeless (i.e., on the street or "squatting" in aband...