Processes for incorporating randomly oriented crystalline precipitates in an amorphous host can be traced back to the 17th century when Cassius produced ‘‘gold ruby’’ glass. In this glass, octahedral colloidal precipitates of gold scatter light by the Mie process to produce a deep red color. In contrast to gold ruby glass, we describe a type of material in which the crystalline precipitates are...

Optical communications networks require integrated photonic components with negligible polarization dependence, which typically means that the waveguides must feature very low birefringence. Recent studies have shown that waveguides with low birefringence can be obtained, e.g., by use of silica-on-silicon waveguides or buried ion-exchanged glass waveguides. However, many integrated photonic cir...

In this Letter, we report on the successful fabrication of low loss, high refractive index contrast waveguides via ion migration upon femtosecond laser writing in phosphate glass. Waveguides were produced in two different phosphate glass compositions with high and low La(2)O(3) content. In the La-rich glass, a large refractive index increase in the guiding region was observed due to the incomin...

A simple thermodynamic theory of the equilibrium potentials of membrane electrodes is formulated and applied to the glass electrode for measurement of pH. The new formulation assumes the selective adsorption or binding of specific ions on the surface of the membrane which may or may not be permeable to the ion, and includes the conventional derivation based on reversible ion transport across me...

IN the course of an investigation into the value of the glass electrode as a means of making continuous records of the hydrogen ion concentration of circulating blood, it was found, in the preliminary experiments in which estimations were made on single samples, that there were several sources of serious error. The difficulties encountered in devising a satisfactory apparatus for measuring glas...

Etched track opening geometries in Biotite, Phlogopite and soda-lime glass irradiated with swift heavy ions [197Au(11.64 MeV/n), 136Xe(11.56 MeV/n), 58Ni(11.56 MeV/n)] at different angle of incidence have been studied using appropriate chemical etching technique. Different geometries (Hexagonal, irregular polygon, triangular in case of Biotite and Phlogopite, and circular & elliptical in case o...

background: the greater surface of bioactive glass nanoparticles presents an incomparable and promising feature similar to the biological apatite. nanoparticles improve cellular adhesion, enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and increase biomineralization for periodontal regeneration and dental implants. considering the fact that interaction between periodontal cells and bone g...

When two sheets of Color Glass Condensate collide in a high energy heavy ion collision, they form matter with very high energy densities called the Glasma. We describe how this matter is formed, its remarkable properties and its relevance for understanding thermalization of the Quark Gluon Plasma in heavy ion collisions. Long range rapidity correlations contained in the near side ridge measured...