a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Last glacial–interglacial transition Younger Dryas Chronozone Vegetation and fire history Abrupt climate change Folsom-age Paleoindians The last glacial-interglacial transition (LGIT; 19–9 ka) was characterized by rapid climate changes and significant ecosystem reorganizations worldwide. In western Colorado, one of the coldest locations in the continental US toda...

[1] The consequences of the hypothesis that Milankovitch forcing affects the phase (e.g., termination times) of the 100 kyr glacial cycles via a mechanism known as ‘‘nonlinear phase locking’’ are examined. Phase locking provides a mechanism by which Milankovitch forcing can act as the ‘‘pacemaker’’ of the glacial cycles. Nonlinear phase locking can determine the timing of the major deglaciation...

equilibrium-line altitudes (elas) of former glaciers in the zardkuh mountain of the zagros mountain range were reconstructed from glacial-geologic data on former ice limits by using various methods. in the study area various types of glacial landforms such as outwash fans, moraines and well developed glacial cirques are observed. the results suggest that ela were depressed 1433 m below to prese...

The distribution of C3 and C4 plants changed in regionally contrasting ways during the last glacial period. C4 plant expansion in low-latitude Africa and America coincided with C4 plant decreases in Mesoamerica and the US Great Plains. This C4 plant expansion has been attributed to lower pCO2 and increased aridity and the decline in C4 plants is believed to have been caused by increased winter ...

Polar ice cores contain, in trapped air bubbles, an archive of the concentrations of stable atmospheric gases. Of the major non-CO2 greenhouse gases, methane is measured quite routinely, while nitrous oxide is more challenging, with some artefacts occurring in the ice and so far limited interpretation. In the recent past, the ice cores provide the only direct measure of the changes that have oc...