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GIS managers traditionally consider three perspectives of the nature of GIS when introducing GIS into an organization. When the GIS is developed to address focused and well de® ned problems of the organization, these perspectives adequately describe the changing identities of GIS in the study of its di€ usion. However when the GIS is developed to address strategic, but vaguely de® ned problems,...

The need for global access and decentralized management of geographic information is pushing the GIS community to establish an open GIS architecture and provide distributed geographic information services. From an operational perspective, the role of client/server components underlie specification of task-oriented programming, and the modularization of GIS software. Exchange of geographic infor...

In the contemporary urban planning, outdoor comfort is more and relevant. As a matter of fact, in some Nations microclimate design, so, among others, quantification already compulsory, while many others it recommended. Various methods to quantify can be adopted (e.g., PMV-Predicted Mean Vote, or PET-Physiological Equivalent Temperature), but every formulation wind velocity, otherwise referred a...

The GIS literature abounds with strategies to guide the development of a corporate GIS as a single project but lacks discussion on the long term management of the GIS. This paper documents a recent study into GIS development in a state department over an 18-year period. It applies the productional perspective of GIS to model long term GIS development diagrammatically and identiŽ es Ž ve pattern...

The risks of developing mineral resources need to be known as accurately as possible. This process should start at the exploration stage and continue through feasibility to the development stage. Until recently, this type of analysis was carried out manually, leading to subjective judgments. Many mining companies have built up extensive exploration geological databases, which represent signific...

Compared to surface water, groundwater resources are the primary source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, hence the importance of the management of these resources .  In this regard, we assessed the effects of landuse changes on the qualitative and quantitative status of groundwater resources in Eshtehard region, Iran. Through processing and analyzing the satellite images, ...

Object recognition is a research area that aims to associate objects to categories or classes. The recognition of object specific geospatial features, such as roads, buildings and rivers, from high-resolution satellite imagery is a time consuming and expensive problem in the maintenance cycle of a Geographic Information System (GIS). Feature selection is the task of selecting a small subset fro...

Urban and environment development plans commonly lack spectrally based value-added information layers such as expected albedo, emissivity and temperature of the planned landscapes. These can be integrated into plans in order to assist in using specific materials or in the way new landscapes and urban spaces are designed. In contrast to existing space-borne remotely sensed imagery from which inf...