The objective of this study is the development an in vitro cell culture model pigmented gingival keratinocytes to provide a unique tool assess oral care products such as toothpaste and evaluate whether cells might be less susceptible than unpigmented cytotoxicity by any toothpaste. Sepia melanin at various concentrations was added primary human keratinocyte (HGK) monolayers identify concentrati...

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is tightly connected to the process of tissue organization upon tissue injury. Here we show that HMGB1 controls epithelium and connective tissue regeneration both in vivo and in vitro during palatal wound healing. Heterozygous HMGB1 (Hmgb1+/-) mice and Wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to palatal injury. Maxillary tissues were stained with Mallory Azan or immu...

Carcinoma cells of epithelial origin are predisposed to acquire a fibroblastic feature during progression of neoplasm referred to as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. HMGA2 is an architectural transcriptional factor that is expressed in the undifferentiated mesenchyme and initiates mesenchymal tumor formation. However, the biological consequence of the expression in the pathology of epithe...

Mammalian biological processes such as inflammation, involve regulation of hundreds of genes controlling onset and termination. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can translationally repress target mRNAs and regulate innate immune responses. Our model system comprised primary human keratinocytes, which exhibited robust differences in inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alp...

Oral mucosa is composed of a stratified epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue. The structure of the oral mucosa and the connection of the epithelial layer to the underlying connective tissue are highly variable, depending on the intraoral region. The structural features of the different types of intraoral mucosa develop during the fetal period. Human gingival epithelium consists of ...

Exposure of oral cavity to areca nut is associated with several pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Histopathologically OSF is characterized by epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, juxtaepithelial hyalinization, leading to fibrosis of submucosal tissue and affects 0.5% of the population in the Indian subcontinent. As the molecular mechanisms leading to atrophie...

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and can contribute to the development of other diseases. Inflammation in oral lichen planus is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease that acts through cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells to trigger apoptosis of keratinocytes. However, the specific cause of oral lichen planus remains unknown and no effec...

Introduction: Toothpastes (TPs) routinely contain detergents for their emulsifying and foaming properties. The most common detergent sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) displays irritant effects to skin. Studies suggested that it may also affect the structural integrity of the oral mucosa. Besides detergents protective substances may also be ingredients of toothpastes. The aim of this study was to inve...

Differential expression of members of the connexin (Cx) gap junction multigene family permits formation of gap junctions with the varied physiological properties required by different tissues. The aim of this study was to characterize connexin expression and the influence of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in mouse gingival epithelial cells (GE1). The cells were treated with RA, and expression of ...