The ontogeny of osmoregulation, the development of branchial transporting epithelia and the expression of the enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase were studied in Carcinus maenas (L.) obtained from the North Sea, Germany. Laboratory-reared zoea larvae, megalopae and young crabs were exposed to a wide range of salinities, and hemolymph osmolality was measured after 24 h exposure time (72 h in juveniles). Zoea I...

In mammals, the gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase (HKalpha1) mediates acid secretion in the stomach and kidneys. Like mammals, elasmobranchs also secrete acid from their stomachs, but unlike mammals they primarily use their gills for systemic acid excretion instead of their kidneys. The purpose of this study was to determine if an HKalpha1 orthologue exists in an elasmobranch (Atlantic stingray, Dasyati...

Recent finds of early tetrapods have established that the most primitive form, Acanthostega, retained internal gills and other fish-like features; this has led to the conclusion that it was a primarily aquatic animal. Other Late Devonian tetrapods, such as Ichthyostega and Tilerpeton, provide no evidence of internal gills, but have also been interpreted as inhabiting an aquatic environment. The...

Pieces of gill isolated from the clam Mercenaria mercenaria clear colloidal graphite from seawater, and the clearance rates are measurable. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) had a biphasic effect on clearance rates: concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-5) mol l(-1) 5-HT increased clearance, but higher concentrations reduced it. During the summer, the gills were less responsive to 5-HT: the threshold incr...

A multi-method approach was employed to compare the responses of Glutatione Transferases (GSTs) in the gills and hepatopancreas of Venerupis philippinarum to microcystins (MCs) toxicity. In this way, using the cytosolic fraction, the enzymatic activity of GSTs, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PPP2) along with the gene expression levels of four GST isoforms (pi...

Tissue metal accumulations (gills, liver, kidney and muscle) in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) were compared folowing exposure to sublethal levels of waterborne Cd (50, 400 and 1000 μg•L-1) after periods of 1, 2, 4 and 14 days. The obtained results indicate that at the end of 4 and 14 days of exposure, total tissue cadmium concentration followed the pattern: liver > gill > kidney > muscl...

tissue metal accumulations (gills, liver, kidney and muscle) in persian sturgeon (acipenser persicus) were compared folowing exposure to sublethal levels of waterborne cd (50, 400 and 1000 μg•l-1) after periods of 1, 2, 4 and 14 days. the obtained results indicate that at the end of 4 and 14 days of exposure, total tissue cadmium concentration followed the pattern: liver > gill > kidney > muscl...

tissue metal accumulations (gills, liver, kidney and muscle) in persian sturgeon (acipenser persicus) were compared folowing exposure to sublethal levels of waterborne cd (50, 400 and 1000 μg•l-1) after periods of 1, 2, 4 and 14 days. the obtained results indicate that at the end of 4 and 14 days of exposure, total tissue cadmium concentration followed the pattern: liver > gill > kidney > muscl...