RATIONALE Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and, in mice, gestational exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (SS) induces BPD-like condition characterized by alveolar simplification, impaired angiogenesis, and suppressed surfactant protein production. Normal fetal development occurs in a hypoxic environment and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAC...

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a major complication of human pregnancy. The oral clearance (CL) of glyburide, an oral antidiabetic drug, increases 2-fold in pregnant women during late gestation versus nonpregnant controls. In this study, we examined gestational age–dependent changes in maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics (PK) of glyburide and metabolites in a pregnant mouse model. Nonpregnant and...

BACKGROUND Despite the perceived importance of early life nutrition for mental development, few studies have related gestational undernutrition to later-life cognitive functioning. We investigated the consequences of gestational exposure to the Dutch famine of 1944-45 for cognitive functioning at the age of 59 years. METHODS We recruited men and women who were (i) born in birth clinics in Ams...

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a major complication of human pregnancy. The oral clearance (CL) of glyburide, an oral antidiabetic drug, increases 2-fold in pregnant women during late gestation versus nonpregnant controls. In this study, we examined gestational age-dependent changes in maternal-fetal pharmacokinetics (PK) of glyburide and metabolites in a pregnant mouse model. Nonpregnant and...

BACKGROUND The relationship between arsenic and birth weight is not well understood. The objective was to evaluate the causal relationship between prenatal arsenic exposure and birth weight considering the potential mediation effects of gestational age and maternal weight gain during pregnancy using structural equation models. METHODS A prospectively enrolled cohort of pregnant women was recr...

BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that maternal exposure to acute stress has a negative impact on the duration of pregnancy, and that this effect may vary by the time of exposure. It has also been proposed that stress exposure reduces the ratio of male-to-female births. To date, no study has jointly examined both outcomes, although they may be strongly related. Using population-level data w...

This study assessed the exposure of pregnant women to arsenic in Matlab, Bangladesh, an area with highly-elevated concentrations of arsenic in tubewells, by measuring concentrations of arsenic in urine. In a defined administrative area, all new pregnancies were identified by urine test in gestational week 6-8, and women were asked to participate in the assessment of arsenic exposure. Urine for ...

BACKGROUND Many women are exposed daily to high levels of occupational and residential noise, so the effect of noise exposure on pregnancy should be considered because noise affects both the fetus and the mother herself. However, there is a controversy in the literature regarding the adverse effects of occupational and residential noise on pregnant women and their fetuses. AIM The aim of this...

Title: Gestational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to infant birth weight: A Bayesian analysis of the HOME Study Authors: Meghan Woods ([email protected]) Bruce Lanphear ([email protected]) Joseph Braun ([email protected]) Lawrence McCandless ([email protected]) Version: 1 Date: 07 Jul 2017 Author’s response to reviews: Response to Reviewers for manuscript ENHE-D-17-000...

This group would be asked to review literature including, but not limited to: • Impact of lead exposure on – o fertility and reproductive system integrity (time-to-pregnancy, etc.) o maternal health (gestational hypertension) o pregnancy outcomes (early fetal loss – i.e. spontaneous abortion & stillbirth, preterm delivery, gestational age, birth weight, birth length, head circumference, congeni...