received: 23/sep/2008, accepted: 23/nov/2008oct-4/ pou5f1/ oct-3, a pou domain family protein acts as a crucial transcription factor dur- ing embryonic development. it helps in maintenance of self renewal as well as pluripotential state of embryonic stem (es) cells. its expression starts right from 2 cell stage especially prior to 8 cell stage till the blastocyst stage where it is strongly exp...

This review covers the management of patients once they have been diagnosed with a germ cell tumor. We take note of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines [1, 2] and European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group report [3] and expand on controversial areas where more than one management option exists. Although we will only discuss testicular germ cell tumors, the same principle...

Germ cell tumors located in the central nervous system (CNS) represent less than 4% of the intracranial tumors and affect primarily children and young adults. These tumors frequently arise in the suprasellar and pineal region and in the midline structures around the third ventricle. Germ cell tumors can be divided as germinoma and nongerminomatous tumors regarding the histology. Only 5-10% of a...

OBJECTIVE Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors are rare and their histogenetic origin is not clear. We describe two cases presenting as primary retroperitoneal germ cell tumors without clinical evidence of testicular tumor. METHODS A 21 and 18 years-old patients presented retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor, respectively. In both cases, testicular palpation was not suspicious ...

Abstract: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue due to the proliferation of the ductal component. It can be physiological or pathological. Gynecomastia can be a sign for testicular tumors including sex-cord stromal tumors and germ cell tumors. Testicular physical examination in combination with testicular untrasonography and serum germ cell tumor markers when necessary in t...