Abstract Coordinates in global reference frames are becoming more and common positioning whereas most of the geospatial data stored registries national frames. It is therefore essential to know relation between coordinates, i.e., transformation, as accurately possible. Officially provided pan-European transformations do not account for special conditions Nordic Baltic countries, namely crustal ...

A vertex set D in graph G is called a geodetic set if all vertices of G are lying on some shortest u–v path of G, where u, v 2 D. The geodetic number of a graph G is the minimum cardinality among all geodetic sets. A subset S of a geodetic set D is called a forcing subset of D if D is the unique geodetic set containing S. The forcing geodetic number of D is the minimum cardinality of a forcing ...

For a non-trivial connected graph G, a set S ⊆ V (G) is called an edge geodetic set of G if every edge of G is contained in a geodesic joining some pair of vertices in S. The edge geodetic number g1(G) of G is the minimum order of its edge geodetic sets and any edge geodetic set of order g1(G) is an edge geodetic basis. A connected edge geodetic set of G is an edge geodetic set S such that the ...

The development of indoor positioning techniques is booming. There is a significant demand for systems that have the capability to determine the 3D location of objects in indoor environments for automation, warehousing and logistics. Tracking of people in indoor environments has become vital during firefighting operations, in hospitals and in homes for vulnerable people and particularly for vis...

To build HiRISE image network with the best possible precision and accuracy, technical issues involving sensor geometry and absolute positioning need to be resolved. High-frequency random patterns, or “jitter”, in the rotation angles cause disagreements between HiRISE CCDs. To generate seamless topographic products, it is important to achieve coherence in the exterior orientation parameters bet...

The continuity and reliability of precise GNSS positioning can be seriously limited by severe user observation environments. The Inertial Navigation System (INS) can overcome such drawbacks, but its performance is clearly restricted by INS sensor errors over time. Accordingly, the tightly coupled integration of GPS and INS can overcome the disadvantages of each individual system and together fo...

A set S of vertices of a connected graph G is a geodetic set if every vertex of G lies on an x−y geodesic for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of a geodetic set ofG is the geodetic number ofG, denoted by g(G). A set S of vertices of a graph G is an edge geodetic set if every edge of G lies on an x − y geodesic for some elements x and y in S. The minimum cardinality of an edge...

[1] Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to explain seaward motion of the south flank of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i. The consistency of flank motion during both waxing and waning magmatic activity at Kīlauea suggests that a continuously acting force, like gravity body force, plays a substantial role. Using finite element models, we test whether gravity is the principal driver of long-term moti...