Precise Fe/Mn ratios and MnO contents have been determined for basalts from the Hawaiian shields of Ko’olau and Kilauea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is well known that the youngest Ko’olau (Makapu’u-stage) shield lavas define a geochemical endmember for Hawaiian lavas in terms of CaO and SiO2 contents and isotopic ratios of O, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, and Os. We find that their Mn...

Microorganisms have contributed significantly to subsurface energy resources by converting organic matter in hydrocarbon reservoirs into methane, the main component of natural gas. In this study, we consider environmental controls on microbial populations in coal-bearing strata of the Cherokee basin, an unconventional natural gas resource in southeast Kansas, USA. Pennsylvanian-age strata in th...

The Kermanshah ophiolite complex is a part of the Mediterranean–Zagros–Oman Tethyan ophiolites, located in the structural–tectonic zone of western Iran in the northern part of the Zagros main thrust. Doleritic sheeted dykes are well exposed within the ophiolite in the south of Sahneh. These dykes contain high MgO, Na2O, low TiO2 (2O5, and K2O contents, and high FeOt/MgO and LILE/HFSE ratios. Th...

The geochemical composition of foraminiferal tests is a valuable archive for the reconstruction of paleo-climatic, -oceanographic and -ecological changes. However, dissolution of biogenic calcite and precipitation of inorganic calcite (overgrowth and recrystallization) at the seafloor and in the sediment column can potentially alter the original geochemical composition of the foraminiferal test...

Multifractal modeling of geochemical map data can help to explain the nature of frequency distributions of element concentration values for small rock samples and their spatial covariance structure. Useful frequency distribution models are the lognormal and Pareto distributions which plot as straight lines on logarithmic probability and log-log paper, respectively. The model of de Wijs is a sim...

-This paper presents the design and development of a Geochemical Expert System prototype (GES) for analyzing solution-mineral interactions in nature. The emphasis is placed on expert system design and knowledge representation. One of the most challenging and research-intensive steps was the identification of the key geochemical characteristics that would enable the expert system to identify sal...

Bottled and packaged waters are an increasingly significant component of the human diet. These products are regulated at the regional, national, and international levels, and determining the authenticity of marketing and labeling claims represents a challenge to regulatory agencies. Here, we present a dataset of stable isotope ratios for bottled waters sampled worldwide, and consider potential ...

The Lalezar granitoids crop out within volcanic successions of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (UDMA). These granitoids have a range from gabbro-diorites to granites in composition. The mineral compositions of the most felsic rocks are characterized by the abundances of Na-plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspar, biotite and hornblende. In the gabbro-diorite rocks, plagioclase (Ca-rich), h...