INTRODUCTION Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen, causing rhodococcosis, a condition that can be confused with tuberculosis. Often, without identifying M. tuberculosis, physicians initiate empiric treatment for tuberculosis. R. equi and M. tuberculosis have different susceptibility to drugs. Identification of R. equi is based on a variety of phenotypic, chromatographic, and genotypic ...

Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen, and pigs are recognized as a major reservoir and potential source of pathogenic strains to humans. A total of 172 Y. enterocolitica recovered from conventional and antimicrobial-free pig production systems from different geographic regions (North Carolina, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa) were investigated to determine their pathog...

the nonlinear static procedures (nsps) proposed by design codes do not lead to reliable results especially for tall buildings. they generally provide inconsistent estimates of inelastic seismic demands, especially for the top floors due to their inabilities in considering the higher modes effects. in this paper, a new enhanced pushover procedure is proposed which is based on the envelope of the...

PROBLEM DEFINITION In biology, embryological development of the structure of an organism or limb is referred to as morphogenesis. As a result of morphogenesis, complex shapes and patterns can form starting from just a single cell. Two main mechanisms that contribute to the embryo’s development are cell movement and cell specialization based on cell position. These mechanisms are influenced by s...

Turing's theory of pattern formation has been used to describe the self-organized periodic patterns in many biological, chemical, and physical systems. However, use such models is hindered by our inability predict, general, which obtained from a given set model parameters. While much known near onset spatial instability, mechanisms underlying selection dynamics away are less understood. Here, w...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who developed genotypic resistance to entecavir (ETV) were compared to those without resistance. METHODS Two hundred fifty eight CHB patients who underwent ETV treatment in our institution from July 2007 to May 2013 were included. RESULTS Eight (3.1%) patients developed genotypic resistance to ETV during the...