background and objectives: dengue has re-emerged as an important arboviral disease causing significant morbidity. it has become hyperendemic in the indian subcontinent with all four known dengue serotypes circulating. materials and methods: multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees of denv-3 were constructed to determine the extent of the isolated dengue virus genetic heterogeneity an...

background: successful treatment to eliminate hcv rna depends on the identified genotype. in the present study, we com­pared the frequency of different hcv genotypes, during four years study (2004 till 2008).  methods: sera specimens were received from 16 provinces of iran. we used high pure viral nucleic acid purification kit for extraction and samples were tested with improved form of rt-pcr ...

background: the glutathione s-transferase (gst) family of metabolising enzymes plays an important role in the detoxification of mutagens and carcinogens. the expression of many of these cancer susceptibility enzymes is genetically polymorphic. an increased frequency of gst-null genotypes has been associated with several malignancies. objective: to investigate the rate of gstt1 and gstm1 null ge...

background: endometriosis is one of the most common gynecologic disorders. it is a complex trait and both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. there is growing evidence indicating that exposure to environmental contaminants is a risk factor for endometriosis. glutathione-s-transferase m1 (gstm1) is one of the genes involved in detoxification of endogenous ...

the patient was infected with hcv subtype 6a. prior to this case, there have been no previous reports on the isolation of this genotype/subtype from any other iranian patient. previous epidemiological studies provide valuable information about the distribution patterns of different hcv genotypes. however, infection with genotypes other than common ones should be flagged by specialists and diagn...

(Triticum aestivum) is staple food for more than half of the world population. In present study 10 genotypes were sown to check wheat genotype's genetic variability and under late sowing. Exploration occurred at Department Agriculture, BZU, Bahadur sub-Campus, Layyah during 2019-2020. The investigation was spread out in understanding Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Perceptions on vario...

background and aims: hdv is a defective satellite virus and classified in genus deltavirus. its disease is related and limited to hbv-infected patients. acute infection of delta agent occurs in two different patterns simultaneous infection with both hbv & hdv or super infection of chronically hbv infected patients that lead to more sever type of hepatitis. according to genetic diversity of geno...

background: the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii can infect any warm blooded nucleated cells. one of the ways for human infection is ingestion of oocysts directly from soil or via infected fruits or vegetables. to survey the potential role of t. gondii oocyst in soil samples, the present study was conducted in tehran city, iran. methods: a total of 150 soil samples were collected around rub...

results genotype b (73.6%) and genotype c (26.4%) were detected in these patients. after treatment for 12 months, the rate of hbv dna seroclearance, alt normalization, and hbeag seroconversion were significantly higher in adv group than in placebo group (p < 0.05). however, there were no significant differences in these three rates between patients infected with genotype b and c (p > 0.05). obj...

conclusions the analysis indicates that the hev isolated from blood donors in the southwest of iran belongs to genotype 1. however, more samples from other geographic regions of iran are needed to confirm these findings. because transmission of hev by administration of blood or blood components is likely to occur, it may be sensible to screen donor blood for hev to eliminate transfusion-transmi...