Measles remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, primarily due to problems associated with delivery of the live attenuated vaccine to susceptible populations. In some developed countries, there is concern about the effects of immunization on the immune system. In this study, we analyzed the responses of 12-month-old Bedouin and Jewish children living in Israel to routine...

Many human tumors cannot easily be avoided. In most cases a prophylactic vaccination prevents the tumor growth. In particular the Triplex vaccine prevented mammary carcinoma formation using a Chronic schedule, but it is not known if this schedule is minimal. A computational model named SimTriplex was able to reproduce in silico the in vivo experiments. The combination of SimTriplex and Genetic ...

We report a 15-month-old boy who developed an ulcer in the left axillary fold following bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination. Subsequent immunologic and genetic studies led to the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. His mother had "lupus-like" lesions, described in some carriers of this disease, that were thus related to her son's diagnosis. Although in healthy subjects this vaccination...

Immunotherapy applied to patients with established tumors rarely leads to an objective response, whereas patients apparently free from disease after conventional treatment and at risk of recurrence are beginning to receive vaccination. New classes of patients or not-yet patients are those with a high genetic or environmental risk of developing cancer. They may draw benefit from a "soft" treatme...

Background The E3 ubiquitin ligase cbl-b has been identified as a key intracellular checkpoint limiting T and NK cell activation. Concordantly, blockade of cbl-b function by genetic deletion strongly enhances anti-tumor immune responses, thereby validating cbl-b as target for immunotherapy. We have recently shown in the B16-OVA model that transfer of transiently cbl-b silenced murine T cells to...

Because of the availability of uniform genetic stocks and the ability to modulate stress levels, chickens were investigated as a host for the development of an antimycobacterial vaccine. The imposition and the timing of stress significantly influenced the outcome of Mycobacterium avium infection in chickens. Simple, whole cell or lysate vaccines and combinations of vaccine preparations were ide...