background: leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub- tropical countries in the world. characterization of inflammatory responses produced in cutaneous leishmaniasis has not yet been completed. methods: the specific primers were designed for ten pro-inflammatory genes including ccl4, ccl3, tnf-α, il-1α, il-12p35, il-12p40, ccl5, ccr5, il-1β and ifn- γ and their express...

objective: micrornas (mirnas) are single-stranded small rnas 18-25 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression through translational inhibition and mrna cleavage. aberrant expression of mirnas contribute to several diseases. this has increased interest in profiling the expressions of these molecules. real-time quantitative pcr (rq-pcr) is a sensitive, quantitative technique for gene exp...

the objective of this study was to investigate the genotypic characteristics of campylobacter isolates in shiraz, iran. a total of 40 campylobacter isolates including 20 c. jejuni and 20 c. coli were recovered from both cattle and sheep faeces by cultivation methods. the isolates were identified on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of 16srrna and multiplex pcr to determine ...

background: several virulence factors have been described in pathogenesis of staphylococcus aureus strains. staphylococcal enterotoxins(ses) that is one of the most factors, are belonging to important members of bacterial superantigens. superantigens are defined by their ability to stimulate cytokine release from both t cells and macrophages. 13 different ses are known that their function is no...

colibacillosis caused by e.coli is one of the most common illnesses in commercial chickens and induce high financial losses in the poultry industry due to morbidity, mortality and antibiotic expenses because of overuses. e.coli can mostly cause disease as a secondary or opportunistic pathogen, while certain strains with specific virulence factors even as primary pathogen can cause colibacillosi...

the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 15 serotypes of salmonella to form biofilm on polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (pvc) and glass surfaces. .initially slime production was assessed on cra agar and hydrophobicity of 20 salmonella strains isolated from poultry and human and two salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium references strains was achieved by microbial adhesion to n-hexa...

objective(s): stem cell differentiation into different cell lineages depends upon several factors, cell cycle control elements and intracellular signaling elements, including p15ink4b and p16ink4a genes. epigenetics may be regarded as a control mechanism which is affected by these factors with respect to their promoter structure.   materials and methods: the cd34 + cord blood stem cells were pu...

conclusions the distribution patterns of phase-variable genes in pakistani h. pylori strains were found to be somewhat different. the dominant prevalence of the hsdr gene was an interesting finding, considering its role in bacterial defense in both micro- and macroenvironments. results on culturing, the prevalence of h. pylori infections in the samples was 44.7%. the prevalence was higher in fe...

conclusions the results of the present study showed that tgf-β1 (-509) c/t is strongly associated with quantitative parameters of connective tissue constituents of interdental papilla in cp patients. results the volume density (vʋ) of epithelium, connective tissue, collagenous and non-collagenous matrix and blood vessels had statistically significant differences between the control and chronic ...

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs), a large family of tumor-associated and immunogenic antigens expressed in human tumors of various histological origins, are highly restricted to the testis and trophoblast. CTAs have been identified as potent targets for tumor-specific immunotherapeutic advances and have immensely lead to the development of different clinical trials of CTA-based vaccine therapy bec...