BACKGROUND Objective walkability is an important correlate of adults' physical activity. Studies investigating the relation between walkability and children's physical activity are scarce. However, in order to develop effective environmental interventions, a profound investigation of this relation is needed in all age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between obje...

This paper presents a general framework for the study of rough fuzzy sets in which fuzzy sets are approximated in a crisp approximation space. By the constructive approach, a pair of lower and upper generalized rough fuzzy approximation operators is first defined. The rough fuzzy approximation operators are represented by a class of generalized crisp approximation operators. Properties of rough...

The rapid development of technology, the Internet, and the development of electronic commerce have led to the emergence of recommender systems. These systems will assist the users in finding and selecting their desired items. The accuracy of the advice in recommender systems is one of the main challenges of these systems. Regarding the fuzzy systems capabilities in determining the borders of us...

This thesis considers two NP hard generalized network design problems, where the nodes of a graph are partitioned into clusters and exactly one node from each cluster must be connected. The objective of both problems is to identify for a given graph a subgraph with minimal total edge costs and satisfying certain constraints. The Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree (GMST) problem extends the class...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with progressive age-related cognitive decline and cardiovascular risk factors, but their biological relevance as indicators of generalized white matter injury is unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging provides more sensitive indications of subtle white matter disruption and can therefore clarify whether WMHs represent foci o...

The theory of neighborhood systems is abstracted from the geometric notion of "near" or "negligible distances." It is a "new" theory of the classical concept of neighborhood systems within the context of advanced computing. By definition neighborhood systems include both rough sets and topological spaces as special cases. The deeper and more interesting part is in its interactions with fuzzy se...

The measurement of spatial segregation has often used measures such as the Neighborhood Sorting Index (NSI) or the Index of Dissimilarity (D) that do not take full account of space. We propose a Generalized Neighborhood Sorting Index (GNSI), an extension of NSI, in which each neighborhood is part of a broader community, the extent of which can be easily changed by increasing the order of contig...

A set-theoretic framework is proposed for granular computing. Each element of a universe is associated with a nonempty family of neighborhoods. A neighborhood of an element consists of those elements that are drawn towards that element by indistinguishability, similarity, proximity, or functionality. It is a granule containing the element. A neighborhood system is a family of granules, which is...