Glial glutamate transporter, GLT-1, is the major Na(+)-driven glutamate transporter to control glutamate levels in synapses and prevent glutamate-induced excitotoxicity implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Significant functional loss of GLT-1 has been reported to correlate well with synaptic degeneration and severity of cognitive impairment among AD pati...

This correspondence presents a new factorization for linearphase biorthogonal perfect reconstruction (PR) FIR filter banks. Using this factorization, we propose a new family of lapped transform called the generalized lapped transform (GLT). Since the analysis and synthesis filters of the GLT are not restricted to be the time reverses of each other, they can offer more freedom to avoid blocking ...

Glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system and under normal conditions plays an important role in information processing in the brain. Therefore, extracellular Glu is subject to strong homeostasis. Astrocytes in the brain have been considered to be mainly responsible for the clearance of extracellular Glu. In this study, using mixed neuron/ast...

The neuroprotective role of Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) in focal ischemia is associated with decreasing glutamate concentration. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore whether glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) participated in the decreased level of glutamate and whether pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypepti...

Current 3D single object tracking methods are typically based on VoteNet, a region proposal network. Despite the success, using seed point feature as cue for offset learning in VoteNet prevents high-quality proposals from being generated. Moreover, points with different importance treated equally voting process, aggravating this defect. To address these issues, we propose novel global-local tra...

Nandrolone decanoate (ND), an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS), induces an aggressive phenotype by mechanisms involving glutamate-induced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) hyperexcitability. The astrocytic glutamate transporters remove excessive glutamate surrounding the synapse. However, the impact of supraphysiological doses of ND on glutamate transporters activity remains elusive. We in...

Using the notion of the so-called spectral symbol in the Generalized Locally Toeplitz (GLT) setting, we derive the GLT symbol of the sequence of matrices {An} approximating the elasticity equations. Further, as the GLT class defines an algebra of matrix sequences and Schur complements are obtained via elementary algebraic operation on the blocks of An, we derive the symbol f S of the associated...

Recently, the class of Generalized Locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences has been introduced [17, 18] as a generalization both of classical Toeplitz sequences and of variable coefficient differential operators and, for every sequence of the class, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to give a rigorous description of the asymptotic spectrum [3, 21] in terms of a function (the symbol) that ca...

Glioblastoma multiform is a primary brain tumor derived from glial cells. The aim of this study to investigate how glutamate metabolism regulated by transporter 1 (GLT-1) degradation pathway in glioblastoma and cell lines. protein expression levels GLT-1, total ubiquitin, kinase C (PKC) proteins involved the GLT-1 were measured western blot technique. Additionally, cells, level accumulated medi...

We used T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) combinations from two pairs of recombinant mouse strains, B10.A(4R)-B10.A(2R) and B10.S(7R)-B10.S(9R) (abbreviated 4R, 2R, 7R, 9R, respectively), which differ from each other only in the nonexpression vs. expression of cell-surface E molecules, to study the mechanism of the Ir gene-controlled (E-restricted) response to the terpolymer poly(glu51lys34t...