In this article we present a mechanism in which we find new non-perturbative solutions of quantum electrodynamics in four dimensions. Two non-perturbative solutions are found for approximate Schwinger-Dyson equations. The mass ratio of the three solutions (one is ordinary solution) is approximately 1 : (8π/α) : 8π/α, which is close to the realistic mass ratio of e, μ and τ. e-mail: [email protected]...

The conventional path integral expression for the Yang-Mills transition amplitude with flat measure and gauge-fixing built in via the Faddeev-Popov method has been claimed to fall short of guaranteeing gauge invariance in the nonperturbative regime. We show, however, that it yields the gauge invariant partition function where the projection onto gauge invariant wave functions is explicitly perf...

The Kugo-Ojima color confinement criterion, which is based on the BRST symmetry of the continuum QCD is numerically tested by the lattice Landau gauge simulation. We first discuss the Gribov copy problem and the BRST symmetry on the lattice. The lattice Landau gauge can be formulated with options of the gauge field definition, U(link)-linear type or logU type. The Kugo-Ojima parameter u b which...

We consider the possibility of uniication of the Supersymmetric Standard Model gauge groups with those of the dynamical supersymmetry breaking (DSB) sector in theories with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking. We nd constraints on the DSB gauge group beta function that come from uniication of the gauge coupling constants of the two sectors. These constraints are satissed by a fairly wide clas...

We propose a lattice formulation of the chiral fermion which maximally respects the gauge symmetry and simultaneously is free of the unwanted species doublers. This is achieved by directly dealing with the lattice fermion propagator and the composite operators, rather than the lattice action and the fermionic determinant. The latter is defined as a functional integral of the expectation value o...

Critical conjectures on confinement in the Landau gauge is numerically tested in focus to Gribov copy effects. One of the subjects is of the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion and the other is of various viewpoints in the Gribov-Zwanziger theory. We use the smearing gauge as a reference gauge free of Gribov copy, and performed three types of simulations, logU , U -linear and logU in the smearing ...

The critical behavior of the Ginzburg-Landau model is described in a manifestly gauge-invariant manner. The gauge-invariant correlation-function exponent is computed to first order in the 4-d and 1/n expansion, and found to agree with the ordinary exponent obtained in the covariant gauge, with the parameter alpha=1-d in the gauge-fixing term ( partial differential (mu)A(mu))(2)/2alpha.

The infrared properties of lattice Landau gauge QCD of SU(3) are studied by measuring gluon propagator, ghost propagator, QCD running coupling and Kugo-Ojima parameter of β = 6.0, 16, 24, 32 and β = 6.4, 32, 48 lattices. We study Gribov copy problem by parallel tempering (PT) gauge fixing of β = 2.2, 16 SU(2) configurations. Rather unexpected features of the unique gauge(fundamental modular gau...

A gauge invariant Wilsonian effective action is constructed for pure SU(N) YangMills theory by formulating the corresponding flow equation. Manifestly gauge invariant calculations can be performed i.e. without gauge fixing or ghosts. Regularisation is implemented in a novel way which realises a spontaneously broken SU(N |N) supergauge theory. As an example we sketch the computation of the one-l...