نتایج جستجو برای: gauge factor
تعداد نتایج: 893980 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Critical conjectures on confinement in the Landau gauge is numerically tested in focus to Gribov copy effects. One of the subjects is of the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion and the other is of various viewpoints in the Gribov-Zwanziger theory. We use the smearing gauge as a reference gauge free of Gribov copy, and performed three types of simulations, logU , U -linear and logU in the smearing ...
In this work, we study the anisotropic inflationary models . In these models, an abelian gauge field non-minimally coupled to the inflaton field plays a role in the inflation dynamicIn a gauge field,the backgroundanswer is anisotropic, in the form of metric Bianchi. In order for the model to be consistent with the observations, the level of anisotropy should be small. The anisotropy power spe...
In single-field inflationary models the bispectra are usually given in $\zeta$-gauge, because its temporal part leads to super-horizon conservation of fluctuations. However, this property is independent choice {\it spatial} gauge, so letter we explore freedom. We compute variation under most general spatial gauge transformation that globally defined and privileges no point, direction or scale. ...
In this paper, we characterize local $T_{0}$ and $T_{1}$ quantale-valued gauge spaces, show how these concepts are related to each other and apply them to $mathcal{L}$-approach distance spaces and $mathcal{L}$-approach system spaces. Furthermore, we give the characterization of a closed point and $D$-connectedness in quantale-valued gauge spaces. Finally, we compare all these concepts to each o...
The BFT approach is used to formulate the electronic states in graphene through a non-commutative space in the presence of a constant magnetic field B for the first time. In this regard, we introduce a second class of constrained system, which is not gauge symmetric but by applying BFT method and extending phase space, the second class constraints converts to the first class constraints so th...
Graphene membranes act as highly sensitive transducers in nanoelectromechanical devices due to their ultimate thinness. Previously, the piezoresistive effect has been experimentally verified in graphene using uniaxial strain in graphene. Here, we report experimental and theoretical data on the uni- and biaxial piezoresistive properties of suspended graphene membranes applied to piezoresistive p...
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