Phaeochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours with variable clinical signs and symptoms. Hypertension, tachycardia, sweating and headaches are cardinal manifestations. Although nausea and abdominal pain are the more common gastrointestinal features, rare gastrointestinal spectrums have been reported that can mimic abdominal emergencies. Metabolic effects of hypercatecholaminaemia are vast ...

Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease mainly affects the nervous system, digestive system and heart. The objective of this review is to revise the literature and summarize the main chronic gastrointestinal manifestations of Chagas disease. The chronic gastrointestinal manifestations of Chagas disease are mainly a result of enteric nervous...

Infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still an important problem in Southeast Asia. The incidence of HIV-infected patients has been increasing over the last two decades. The problem also affects infants born to HIVinfected mothers. Preventive programs and health education seem to be the most important measures, although the zidovudine (AZT) protocol has been able to reduce the ri...

Alterations of the oral cavity are common in children: 22% of children aged less than 4 years and 44% of those aged more than 12 develop dental erosion, 9-95% of children in Europe and in North America develop gingivitis, with adolescents showing a prevalence of more than 60% (Linee guida – Ministero

Br J Cardiol 2009;16:175–80 T relationship between cardiac and gastrointestinal disease is widely regarded as being a complex one – disorders of the two systems commonly co-exist, and the symptoms of angina pectoris are notoriously difficult to differentiate from gastro-oesophageal problems. In addition, it has commonly been observed that patients suffering with gastrointestinal disturbance suf...

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) is the most prevalent infection worldwide, particularly in underdeveloped nations. It reported to be associated many extra gastrointestinal manifestations.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a lifelong condition, which may occur in patients of any age. Prior to confirming a diagnosis of IBD, clinicians may face unusual non gastrointestinal symptoms. The extra intestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease (CD) may develop prior to signs of gastrointestinal involvement. Many of these extraintestinal clinical signs overlap with those seen in patients...

Diagnosis of the disease by dentists and other clinicians through the evaluation of oral clinical findings is a rare incident. Mucocutaneous and granulomatous lesions of the oral cavity alert the clinician to investigate the gastrointestinal tract. This review highlights oral manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, how various diseases and their presentations are integrated and intertwine...

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an immunodeficiency disorder with a high incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations and an increased risk of gastric malignancy. We report a case of a CVID with mild anemia presenting with multiple GI manifestations: gastric low-grade dysplasia (LGD), enteropathy with villous atrophy, refractory Giardia infection, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, a...

In an autoimmune disease, the immune system attacks and harms the body's own tissues. The systemic autoimmune diseases include collagen vascular diseases, the systemic vasculitides, Wegener granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. These disorders can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system and pancreas. They can cause a variety of gastrointestinal manifestations ...