Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells represent the fastest advancing cell technology in terms of energy conversion efficiency improvement, as seen last decade. This has become a promising for next-generation, low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics including multi-junction tandem concepts. Double-junction have much higher limits 45%, beyond Shockley–Queisser single-junction cel...

We report a novel droplet breakup regime in the microfluidics T-junction, where new interfaces are created two arm channels, rather than at center of junction. show that there is different hydrodynamic root for this regime, and propose simple geometric rule which enables compared to classical T-junction. A dynamic model lower capillary number (Ca) developed predict process. also higher Ca centr...

This study describes the dependence of the surface electric field to the junction depth of source/drain-extension, and the suppression of gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) in fully depleted shallow junction gate-overlapped source/drain-extension (SDE). The GIDL can be reduced by reducing shallow junction depth of drain-extension. Total space charges are a function of junction depth in fully dep...