In order to keep a green planet, in particular its important to limiting the pollution with gas emissions. In a specific capacitated fixed-charge transportation problem with fixed capacities for distribution centers and customers with particular demands, the objective is to keep the pollution factor in a given range while the total cost of the transportation is as low as possible. In order to s...

Many different wireless sensor nodes for gas pipeline leak detection and location has been proposed but still there are challenges particularly on environmental issues and signal accuracy. This paper discusses theories and environmental constraints for wireless sensor nodes, a case study of Dar es Salaam Tanzania and finally presents a design and simulation results of the proposed wireless sens...

This paper reviews the greenhouse gas emissions of prefabrication elements for residential development in Hong Kong. Prefabrication becomes a common practice in residential development in Hong Kong and is considered as a green approach. In Hong Kong, prefabrication took place at factories in Pearl River Delta. Although prefabrication reduces construction wastage, it might generate more greenhou...

The vehicle routing problem has been widely studied from a technical point of view for more than 50 years. Many of its variants are rooted in practical settings. This paper provides a survey of the main real-life applications of road-based goods transportation over the past 15 years. It reviews papers in the areas of oil, gas and fuel transportation, retail, waste collection and management, mai...

Accounting for transportation is an important part of the life cycle analysis (LCA) of beef cattle production because it is associated with energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper describes the development and application of a model that estimates energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of transport in beef cattle production. The animal transport model is based on th...

Natural gas hydrates are solid hydrogen-bonded water crystals containing small molecular gases. The amount of natural gas stored as hydrates in permafrost and ocean sediments is twice that of all other fossil fuels combined. However, hydrate blockages also hinder oil/gas pipeline transportation, and, despite their huge potential as energy sources, our insufficient understanding of hydrates has ...

Until recently, natural gas was an also-ran in the sweepstakes for changing the face of transportation in the United States, even though expanded reliance on natural gas vehicles (NGVs) holds the promise of reducing carbon emissions, reducing dependence on oil, and even lowering transportation costs. Recently, however, interest in natural gas as a transportation fuel has grown, as shale gas res...

δ-Shock wave type solutions in the multidimensional system of conservation laws ρt +∇ · (ρF (U)) = 0, (ρU)t +∇ · (ρN(U)) = 0, x ∈ R , are studied, where F = (Fj) is a given vector field, N = (Njk) is a given tensor field, Fj , Nkj : R n → R, j, k = 1, . . . , n; ρ(x, t) ∈ R, U(x, t) ∈ R. The well-known particular cases of this system are zero-pressure gas dynamics in a standard form ρt +∇ · (ρU...