BACKGROUND Focusing on feeding as an endpoint in ecotoxicological studies is a useful and sensitive tool to detect sub-lethal impacts on individual organisms with relevance to higher levels of organisation (i.e. population and ecosystem levels). We conducted a series of experiments to identify and quantify the influence of parasite infection and food source, food quality, body size and acclimat...

Now that microplastics have been detected in lakes, rivers, and estuaries all over the globe, evaluating their effects on biota has become an urgent research priority. This is the first study that aims at determining the effect thresholds for a battery of six freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates with different species traits, using a wide range of microplastic concentrations. Standardized 28 d...

 The population structure of Aphanius anatoliae in Lake Eğirdir-Isparta-Turkey was studied, using 522 fish monthly in 2008. This study were observed in the number of individuals of each sex, age, weight and size compositions. In addition, the total length-weight relationship was calculated as well as the Von Bertalanffy growth equation. A study of the food uptake throughout the year has been ca...

 The population structure of Aphanius anatoliae in Lake Eğirdir-Isparta-Turkey was studied, using 522 fish monthly in 2008. This study were observed in the number of individuals of each sex, age, weight and size compositions. In addition, the total length-weight relationship was calculated as well as the Von Bertalanffy growth equation. A study of the food uptake throughout the year h...

Innate immunity relies on effectors, which produce cytotoxic molecules that have not only the advantage of killing pathogens but also the disadvantage of harming host tissues and organs. Although the role of dietary antioxidants in invertebrate immunity is still unknown, it has been shown in vertebrates that carotenoids scavenge cytotoxic radicals generated during the immune response. Carotenoi...

Numerous freshwater acanthocephalans are able to alter the behaviour of their intermediate hosts increase predation risk by final hosts, thereby enhancing trophic transmission between two hosts. Because temperature is widely expected impact host-parasite interactions, we investigated how it can affect movements both uninfected and Pomphorhynchus laevis-infected Gammarus pulex in an artificial s...