Stainless steels are susceptible to the localized pitting corrosion that leads to a huge loss to our society. Studies in the past decades confirmed that the pitting events generally originate from the local dissolution in MnS inclusions which are more or less ubiquitous in stainless steels. Although a recent study indicated that endogenous MnCr2O4 nano-octahedra within the MnS medium give rise ...

Quasi-dynamic leaching characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from raw and solidified air pollution control (APC) residues were examined via a nine-time multiple leaching test. The effect of injected activated carbon in the APC residues on the PCDD/F leachability was also evaluated. When humic acid solution was used as a leachant, the leaching concentra...

In this study various leaching technologies were applied to extract heavy metals from sludge from the printed circuit board process. These methods included traditional acid extraction (TAE) and microwave assisted treatment (MAT). The target heavy metal was copper. Experiments were performed to determine the acid the leaching efficiency by changing operating conditions, including acid type and c...

A novel energy-saving hydrometallurgical recovery process for copper from electronic scrap employing the Cu(I)-ammine complex has been presented on the basis of a thermodynamic consideration. In order to experimentally explore the feasibility of the leaching stage in this process, the copper leaching behavior from a printed circuit board (PCB) in ammoniacal alkaline solutions has been investiga...

BACKGROUND Currently available methods for permanent removal of unwanted body hair are either slow or may result in painful side effects or scarring. OBJECTIVE The authors investigated the safety and effectiveness of galvanic current by patch and probe technique as a method of permanent hair removal. RESULTS Microscopic evidence confirmed that galvanic current treatment using either a probe...

In a recent paper in Frontiers Cohen et al. (2012) asked "What does galvanic vestibular stimulation actually activate?" and concluded that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) causes predominantly otolithic behavioral responses. In this Perspective paper we show that such a conclusion does not follow from the evidence. The evidence from neurophysiology is very clear: galvanic stimulation activ...

Simulation based on the finite-element (FE) method plays an important role in the investigation of intra-body communication (IBC). In this paper, a finite-element model of the whole body model used for the IBC simulation is proposed and verified, while the FE simulation of the galvanic coupling IBC with different signal transmission paths has been achieved. Firstly, a novel finite-element metho...

Remediation of heavy metal polluted sediment by extracting the metals with sulfuric acid can be performed as follows: abiotic suspension leaching, microbial suspension leaching, abiotic solid-bed leaching, and microbial solid-bed leaching. Abiotic leaching means that the acid is directly added, while microbial leaching means that the acid is generated from sulfur by microbes (bioleaching). Thes...

Accurate assessment of the fate of salts, nutrients, and pollutants in natural, heterogeneous soils requires a proper quantification of both spatial and temporal solute spreading during solute movement. The number of experiments with multisampler devices that measure solute leaching as a function of space and time is increasing. The breakthrough curve (BTC) can characterize the temporal aspect ...