Ab initio calculations at the G2 level were used in a theoretical description of the kinetics and mechanism of the hydrogen abstraction reactions from fluoro-, chloro- and bromomethane by chlorine atoms. The profiles of the potential energy surfaces show that mechanism of the reactions under investigation is complex and consists of two - in the case of CH3F+Cl - and of three elementary steps fo...

Embryonic mortality after embryo transfer causes substantial economic losses in the cattle industry. This has been related to the inability of the corpus luteum (CL) to secrete enough progesterone (P4) to prepare the endometrium for embryo implantation and maintain pregnancy. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of treatments that induce ovulation of a persistent f...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in ovaries and corpus luteum (CL) Bos taurus indicus females oxidant effect CL ovarian tissues regions near, intermediate, or distant from it. Ovaries (n=12) Nelore heifers (n=6) were collected a slaughterhouse fragmented. Experiment 1, each ovary obtained three fragments, resulting 18 fragments with (OV+CL) another without (OV-CL). Thr...

We report on the block copolymerization of two structurally different norbornene monomers (±)-endo,exo-bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid dimethylester (7), and (±)-endo,exo-bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid bis(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl) ester (9) using ruthenium based Grubbs' type initiators [(PCy₃)₂Cl₂Ru(benzylidene)] G1 (PCy₃ = tricyclohexylphosphi...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect. Wt1-null mouse embryos develop CDH but the mechanisms regulated by WT1 are unknown. We have generated a murine model with conditional deletion of WT1 in the lateral plate mesoderm, using the G2 enhancer of the Gata4 gene as a driver. 80% of G2-Gata4(Cre);Wt1(fl/fl) embryos developed typical Bochdalek-type CDH. We show that the post...

Myeloperoxidase, a heme enzyme secreted by activated phagocytes, uses H(2)O(2) and Cl(-) to generate the chlorinating intermediate hypochlorous acid (HOCl). This potent cytotoxic oxidant plays a critical role in host defenses against invading pathogens. In this study, we explore the possibility that myeloperoxidase-derived HOCl might oxidize nucleic acids. When we exposed 2'-deoxycytidine to th...

Chlorination of the D(2)-C(76) fullerene under various conditions is studied in detail. It is found that, in addition to the previously known C(76)Cl(18) and C(76)Cl(34), a number of intermediate chlorides are formed, with all molecules falling into two structural types. The first type is observed in the C(76)Cl(18)-C(76)Cl(28) range, whereas further chlorination provides the C(76)Cl(30)-C(76)C...

Dendrimer molecules and aggregates are chemical structures with regular branching that underlies their physicochemical properties. Regular dendrimers have been studied both theoretically experimentally, but the irregular intermediate between of neighboring generations not. In present work, dendrimer aggregates, intermediate, investigated in terms information entropy approach. As found, asymptot...