Given a plane graph G, we wish to nd a drawing of G in the plane such that the vertices of G are represented as grid points, and the edges are represented as straight-line segments between their endpoints without any edge-intersection. Such drawings are called planar straight-line drawings of G. An additional objective is to minimize the area of the rectangular grid in which G is drawn. In this...

Accumulation of phosphate sludge (PS) generated from treatment process in the open air represent an environment risk and a problem terms storage capacities. The use this by-products agriculture, is alternative recovery technique for phosphate. Moreover, selection symbionts their inoculation into soil whether nursery or at field were strongly encouraged. These inoculants selected not only impact...