The vast majority of college students have been reared as researchers in an environment where boundaries for information have been clearly marked, i.e., that of books and paper text. Increasingly, however, they are called upon to perform tasks in an environment not clearly bounded, that of hyperspace. How do we learn to surf in this unfamiliar medium? What strategies do people use when surfing ...

Security and integrity of business-to-consumer e-commerce web-based systems (ECWS) is becoming a concern among ECWS adopters. The controls for ECWS are classified into controls for system continuity, access controls, communication controls, and informal controls. The control design for ECWS is not well structured and demands understanding of the complex causal relationships among environmental ...

In this study, the fuzzy causal map inference mechanisms are analyzed for decision making tasks and a comparative analysis is performed to handle with the uncertainty in the problem of pulmonary risk prediction. Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) is a causal graphical representation including nodes, determining the most relevant factors of a complex system, and links between these nodes determining ...

In this paper we present a tool for description, and for simulation of dynamic system. Our starting point is the aggregation concept, which was developed for multicriteria decision making. Using a continuous logic operator and proper transformation of sigmoid function we build positive and negative effects. From the input with the aggregation operator we calculate the output effect. This algori...

As a powerful paradigm for knowledge representation and causal inference, Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) has gradually emerged as a powerful modeling and simulation mechanism applicable to numerous research and application fields. However, conventional FCM theory greatly depends on the experts’ knowledge. The excessive subjective factors involved in the determination of FCM weights restrict accuracy...

In order to model multi-dimensions and multi-granularities oriented complex systems, this paper firstly proposes a kind of multi-relational Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) to simulate the multi-relational system and its auto construct algorithm integrating Nonlinear Hebbian Learning (NHL) and Real Code Genetic Algorithm (RCGA). The multi-relational FCM fits to model the complex system with multi-dime...

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) is a soft computing technique that has been used to model and simulate various and completely different applications from different areas. The FCM modeling approach is symbolic, presenting abstract knowledge and is based on human expert experience and knowledge. This study examines and compares the FCM models as they have been used for various applications.

 Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) is a technique to represent models of causal inference networks. Data driven FCM learning approach is a good way to model FCM. We present a hybrid FCM learning method that combines Nonlinear Hebbian Learning (NHL) and Extended Great Deluge Algorithm (EGDA), which has the efficiency of NHL and global optimization ability of EGDA. We propose using NHL to train FCM at ...

—Fuzzy cognitive map is an approach to knowledge representation and inference; it emphasizes the connections of concepts as basic units for storing knowledge, and the structure that represents the significance of system. One of the most useful aspects of the FCM is its prediction capability as a prediction tool. Little research has been done on the goal-oriented analysis with FCM. In this paper...