Modern trends in iron metallurgy. Global carbon emissions from iron production. New solution for iron and steelmaking in a way reduce the CO2 emission to the level, where this might be needed in the post Kyoto period. New blast furnace technology, which operate with very low CO2 emissions based on drastically reduced consumption of carbon containing input materials. Injection of reducing gases ...

steel slags are the by products of steel industries, which forms during reduction process of iron melting. the chemical composition of it changes depending to the melting procedure. its mineralogical composition also varies based on the cooling procedure. two different types of steel slag were used as absorbing bed for various concentrations of pb2+ ions in the form of lead chloride, and the co...

background: in the steel industry, coke-fueled furnaces are used for smelting iron ore to produce cast iron are considered as sources of annoying noise.this study aims to evaluate the noise pollution blast furnace and sound source characteristics in order to present noise control measures in the steel industry. methods: measurement of noise level and its frequency analysis was performed using s...

A novel algorithm has been developed for the nondestructive determination of the shape of the interface between a melt and a refractory material wall in smelter furnaces. This method uses measurements of temperature and heat flux at a number of points on the outer surface of the furnace, and assumes that the inner (guessed) surface of the furnace wall is isothermal. The temperature field is the...

Heat treatments are applied to orthodontic wires in order to relieve the stresses arising during orthodontic work. Four types of wires were heated in air, argon or vacuum environments, and cooled in the furnace or in a water bath. The susceptibility to corrosion and mechanical properties of the heat-treated wires were investigated. Heat treatment marginally increased the yield strength and elas...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between cancer incidence, in particular incidence of lung cancer, and duration of work among employees in eight Norwegian plants producing ferrosilicon and silicon metal. METHODS Among men first employed during 1933-91 and with at least 6 months in these plants, the incident cases of cancer during 1953-91 were obtained from The Cancer Registry of Norway. ...

Since its invention until the 1950s, the iron blast furnace was viewed as a strange ‘black box’. Its operation was largely empirical and much of the information needed for monitoring and control of the process was yet to be known. More complete information was needed concerning the process such as the reduction of iron-bearing raw materials, the distribution of materials throughout the stack, t...

In developing country like India due to the remarkable development in road infrastructure, Soil stabilization has become the major issue in construction activity. Stabilization is an unavoidable for the purpose of highway and runway construction, stabilization denotes improvement in both strength and durability which are related to performance. Stabilization is a method of processing available ...

Abstract: The paper presents the research results related to control of the steam boiler parameters: drum level, furnace pressure and steam pressure. It was developed the mathematical model of the water-steam system and furnace part of the boiler. Also, the paper presents the algorithm for real time detection of model parameter variations. In this context a correction method, validate through s...

This paper introduces a multilevel STATCOM for electric arc furnace power quality enhancement. An eleven level cascaded multilevel converter is used to alleviate the impacts of an unbalanced arc furnace load. The STATCOM provides a power electronic-based means of embedded control for reactive power support.